Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections: An update

Maanen, C. van

doi:10.1080/01652176.2002.9695126

Cited by 75 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an Alphaherpesvirus of the genus Varicellovirus and predominates in the horse population as a respiratory pathogen, occasionally causing abortions and neurological disease [6,7]. The EHV-1 modified-live virus vaccine strain RacH is commonly used to vaccinate horses against EHV-1 in Europe and in the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing H3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza

Rosas

Walle

Metzger

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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In 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) was identified as a respiratory pathogen of dogs for the first time and is closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV). We generated a recombinant vectored vaccine that expresses H3 of a recent isolate of EIV using equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) as the delivery vehicle. This EHV-1 vectored vaccine exhibited robust and stable EIV H3 expression and induced a strong influenza virus-specific response in both mice and dogs upon intranasal or subcutaneous administration. Furthermore, upon challenge with the recent CIV isolate A/canine/PA/ 10915-07, protection of vaccinated dogs could be demonstrated by a significant reduction in clinical sings, and, more importantly, by a significant reduction in virus shedding. We concluded that the EHV-1/H3 recombinant vector can be a valuable alternative for protection of dogs against clinical disease induced by CIV and can significantly reduce spread.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing H3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza

Rosas

Walle

Metzger

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…Allen et al [3] reported a sudden increase of the 1B type in the early nineteen-eighties in Kentucky. Recent surveys in Europe have shown that the majority of EHV-1 isolates still belong to the 1P variant [74,93]. The impact of strain variation on vaccine performance has never been clearly established.…”

Section: Equine Herpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future

2004

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-The increasing international movement of horses combined with the relaxation of veterinary regulations has resulted in an increased incidence of equine infectious diseases. Vaccination, along with management measures, has become the primary method for the effective control of these diseases. Traditionally modified live and inactivated vaccines have been used and these vaccines have proven to be very successful in preventing disease. However, there are a number of equine infectious diseases for which conventional technology has shown its limitations. The advent of recombinant technology has stimulated the development of second generation vaccines, including gene deleted mutants, live vectored vaccines and DNA vaccines. These vaccines have in common that protective antigens are endogenously processed and presented along the molecules of the MHC I and MHC II complex, resulting in the stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses similar to natural infection. The present paper provides a review of the vaccines being employed today against the most important equine viral diseases followed by a summary of new developments that are expected to bring improved vaccines to the market in the foreseeable future.

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“…In these organ systems, viral replication can result in vasculitis and perivasculitis ultimately resulting in abortion and reactive myeloencephalopathy, a highly lethal condition of enormous animal welfare and economic importance (7). A related alphaherpesvirus in horses, EHV-4, is predominantly associated with respiratory disease (8,9). Both viruses encode gG, a type I integral membrane protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesvirus Chemokine-Binding Glycoprotein G (gG) Efficiently Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro and In Vivo

Walle

May

Sukhumavasi

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Glycoprotein G (gG) of alphaherpesviruses has been described to function as a viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP). More recently, mutant viruses devoid of gG have been shown to result in increased virulence, but it remained unclear whether the potential of gG to serve as a vCKBP is responsible for this observation. In this study, we used equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) as a model to study the pathophysiological importance of vCKBP activity. First, in vitro chemotaxis assays studying migration of immune cells, an important function of chemokines, were established. In such assays, supernatants of EHV-1-infected cells significantly inhibited IL-8-induced chemotaxis of equine neutrophils. Identification of gG as the responsible vCKBP was achieved by repeating similar experiments with supernatants from cells infected with a gG-negative mutant, which were unable to alter IL-8-induced equine neutrophil migration. Furthermore, rEHV-1 gG was able to significantly reduce neutrophil migration, establishing gG as a bona fide vCKBP. Second, and importantly, in vivo analyses in a murine model of EHV-1 infection showed that neutrophil migration in the target organ lung was significantly reduced in the presence of gG. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that EHV-1 gG not only binds to chemokines but is also capable of inhibiting their chemotactic function both in vitro and in vivo, thereby contributing to viral pathogenesis and virulence.

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Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections: An update

Cited by 75 publications

References 135 publications

Evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing H3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza

Evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing H3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza

Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future

Herpesvirus Chemokine-Binding Glycoprotein G (gG) Efficiently Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro and In Vivo

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