Equine exercise physiology—challenges to the respiratory system

Mazan, Melissa R.

doi:10.1093/af/vfac035

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Respiratory disease is an important cause of morbidity and death in foals presented for veterinary care, associated with prematurity or dysmaturity, aspiration of meconium or milk, pneumonia or systemic infection. 1 Because lung function is performance limiting even in healthy horses, 2 and the majority of foals are intended for racing or other athletic pursuits, early and appropriate respiratory support is important to ensure optimal short and long-term health outcomes. 3 The administration of supplementary oxygen to foals is readily implemented but does not address respiratory insufficiency caused by inadequate ventilation, and is no longer considered optimal care for hypoxic human patients in some settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals

Raidal

Catanchin

Sacks

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) can improve respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, but different airway pressures have not been compared in foals.Hypothesis/Objectives: Assess the effect of different airway pressures during CPAP and PSV have on respiratory function in healthy foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory insufficiency. We hypothesized that increased airway pressures would improve respiratory mechanics and increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) would be associated with hypercapnia.Animals: Six healthy foals from a university teaching herd. Methods: A prospective, 2-phase, 2-treatment, randomized cross-over study design was used to evaluate sequential interventions in sedated foals using 2 protocols (CPAP and PSV). Outcome measures included arterial blood gases, spirometry, volumetric capnography, lung volume and aeration assessed using computed tomography (CT). Results: Sedation and dorsal recumbency were associated with significant reductions in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO 2 ), respiratory rate, and tidal volume. Continuous positive airway pressure was associated with improved PaO 2 , without concurrent hypercapnia. Volumetric capnography identified improved ventilation:perfusion (V/Q) matching and increased carbon dioxide elimination during ventilation, and spirometry identified decreased respiratory rate and increased tidal volume. Peak inspiratory pressure was moderately associated with PaO 2 and lung volume. Improved pulmonary aeration was evident in CT images, and lung volume was increased, particularly during CPAP.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals

Raidal

Catanchin

Sacks

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our study we revealed the high prevalence of PDs in horses during SEA exacerbation, which significantly decreased after asthma treatment. Underlying causes of the PDs may be related to inflammation, as a possible cause of neuromuscular weakness of the soft palate muscles [ 8 , 43 , 44 ]. Grade 3 pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PHL) has already been associated with the occurrence of epiglottic flaccidity and DDSP [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings show that PDs’ frequency increases with disease severity. Different possible scenarios may be proposed to explain the relationship between the presence of upper airway instability, inflammation and EA: (1) the spreading of the inflammatory process via the continuum airway epithelium, as both the upper and lower airway consist of ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells; (2) due to persistent higher negative pressure caused by increased lower airway resistance [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]; or (3) the independent coexistence of upper airway inflammation and/or PDs, as they were not excluded before EA exacerbation. Moreover, there was no control group used to assess the prevalence of palatal dysfunction in non-asthmatic horses, and the numbers of horses with persisting PD was low, which may have led to derived bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Occurrence of Severe Equine Asthma and Palatal Disorders in Privately Owned Pleasure Horses

Kozłowska

Wierzbicka

Pawliński

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to the “unified or united airway disease” theory, diseases in the upper and lower airways frequently co-occur because they represent a single morphological and functional unit. Palatal disorders (PDs) and severe equine asthma (SEA) are frequent diseases that, respectively, affect upper and lower equine airways; however, clinical studies focusing on the co-occurrence of PDs and SEA are limited. The present study investigated the prevalence of PDs in horses affected by SEA, and whether prevalence decreased after SEA treatment. Forty-six privately owned horses affected by SEA in exacerbation were included. For each horse, the severity of the asthma clinical signs was assessed using a previously described scoring system, and the co-occurrence of palatal disorders was investigated using overground endoscopy, before and after treatment for SEA. Before treatment (in exacerbation), 67.4% of SEA-affected horses showed evidence of PDs, including 39.1% showing evidence of palatal instability (PI) and 28.3% of dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). Airway inflammation (neutrophil percentage in the tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) was worse in horses with co-occurring PDs. After treatment (in remission), no horses showed evidence of PI, while DDSP was diagnosed in 8.7% of horses. These findings suggest that palatal disorders respond to asthma treatment, supporting the hypothesis that both diseases could be manifestation of a common underlying disorder.

show abstract

“…Critical to mitochondrial energy production is the delivery of oxygen to the muscle. Respiratory capacity in equine athletes is far greater than other athletic species ( Mazan, 2022 ). Melissa Mazan from Tufts University describes how, as obligate nose breathers with coupled stride and ventilation frequency at the gallop, horses also have respiratory limitations to overcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses as athletes: the road to success

Reed

2022

Animal Frontiers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equine exercise physiology—challenges to the respiratory system

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals

Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals

Co-Occurrence of Severe Equine Asthma and Palatal Disorders in Privately Owned Pleasure Horses

Horses as athletes: the road to success

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About