Equine distal limb diagnostic anaesthesia: (1) Basic principles and perineural techniques

Barker, W. H. J.

doi:10.1136/inp.i567

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…All the lame horses were evaluated in various gaits before and after the nerve / joint block and video recording was done so as to confirm location of the lameness in the distal limb. The various nerves (such as palmer digital, abaxial and low four point nerve block) / joint blocks (such as carpal and tarsal joint) were performed using 0.5% bupivacaine or 0.75% ropivacaine as per the standard procedures (Will Barker 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical occurrence and radiographic diagnosis of distal limb lameness in equine

HIMANI¹,

Kumar²,

ANAND³

et al. 2019

Indian J of Anim Sci

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The objectives of this study was to evaluate the hospital occurrence of various radiographic lesions of the distal limb (bones and joints) lameness in equine and to evaluate the role of nerve and joint blocks for the localization of lameness in equine. All the equine lameness cases (117), presented during the one year study period that were subjected to radiographic evaluation, were investigated. Out of these, 20 equine lameness cases were subjected to systematic evaluation including nerve / joint blocks to confirm, whether the clinically or radiographically detectedlesion was the primary cause for the lameness or not. Out of 117, 78 equine (66.67%), were diagnosed with 124 radiographic lesions involving 101 limbs. The majority (62.8%) of the equines had single radiographic lesion, whereas the remaining animals were detected with multiple lesions involving one (15.4%) or more limbs (21.8%). Majority cases of equine lameness were recorded in winter season. Highest per cent lesions were recorded in hoofregion (25.81%) with more common involvement of fore feet (68.75%) and in mares (54.54%). Hock and fetlock regions were second (22.6%) and third (21.8%) most common regions for occurrence of equine lameness. Fetlock joint of hindlimb (63%) was more commonly affected than that of the forelimb. In this study, 16 nerve / joint blocks were applied in 15 horses and these were found helpful in confirming the lameness lesions in 66.7% cases. In conclusion, high prevalence of multiple lesions involving one or more limb poses great diagnostic challenge. Forelimb hoof and the hock were most frequently involved in distal limb lameness in equine. Periostitis and arthritis were most prevalent lameness causing lesions in equine. Physical examinations, nerve/ joint bocks and radiography complement each other in confirming the site of lesion causing lameness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical occurrence and radiographic diagnosis of distal limb lameness in equine

HIMANI¹,

Kumar²,

ANAND³

et al. 2019

Indian J of Anim Sci

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“…Findings on the clinical evaluation may raise suspicion of potential pain sources, which can then be investigated further by using diagnostic analgesia techniques (e.g. perineural nerve blocks, intrasynovial joint/sheath/bursa blocks or local infiltration) to truly authenticate and localise the site of pain (Dyson 2010a; Barker 2016; Brown et al . 2020).…”

Section: Diagnostic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and rideability issues in horses as a manifestation of pain: A review of differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach

Kjærulff

Lindegaard

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Nonspecific performance and rideability issues are more likely a manifestation of pain in the ridden horse rather than a true behavioural problem. A systematic and thorough investigation focusing on the potential presence of pain‐related conditions is thus crucial in horses with such complaints. It can, however, be challenging to determine whether the complaint is indeed related to pain, where the pain is located, and what the underlying cause is. This review describes the challenges of pain recognition in ridden horses and summarises the recently developed ridden horse ethograms that might enable pain to be assessed in an objective, valid and reliable way. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach to horses presenting potentially pain‐related performance and rideability issues are discussed.

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“…The desensitization of the fetlock, pastern and foot regions are traditionally carried out using the low four‐point block approach in the metacarpal distal third, with this nomenclature being referred to by the presence of the medial and lateral branches of the palmar nerves and palmar metacarpal nerves (Barker, 2016). The low six‐point block approach is used in the metatarsal distal third (Dyson & Kidd, 1993), as it also desensitizes the dorsal metatarsal nerves (Barker, 2016). However, the additional desensitization of these nerves does not seem to influence the lameness with origin in the fetlock joint (Coleridge et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical position of the palmar/plantar nerves at the metacarpal/metatarsal distal level in horses: An in vivo study by means of ultrasonography

Maia

Vendrusculo

Souza

et al. 2022

Anat Histol Embryol

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The neurovascular bundle of the equine distal cannon can dynamically vary with limb position, and this can affect the performance of low 4‐ or 6‐point block. This study aims to identify and describe the anatomical position and variations of the lateral and medial palmar/plantar nerve at the metacarpal/metatarsal distal level in horses by ultrasonography. Eight mares underwent ultrasound examination on the lateral and medial palmar/plantar sides of the metacarpus/metatarsus. Images were obtained for measurements of the cross‐sectional area of the nerve, distances between the nerve and the skin surface, branch of the suspensory ligament (SL), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) with limbs supported and elevated. The distance to the skin for forelimbs was higher on the lateral side when the limb was elevated (p < 0.001). The comparisons between supported and elevated limbs on the same side showed longer distances to the skin with the limb supported on the medial side (p < 0.001). Hindlimbs showed longer distances to the skin with the limb supported on the medial face (p = 0.027). The anatomical position of palmar/plantar nerves was similar between the lateral and medial sides of the limb, generally being in contact with the dorsal edge of DDFT. The strategy of elevating the limb during the injection of the low 4‐ or 6‐point block can lead to a higher risk of puncture of the digital sheath.

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Equine distal limb diagnostic anaesthesia: (1) Basic principles and perineural techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical occurrence and radiographic diagnosis of distal limb lameness in equine

Clinical occurrence and radiographic diagnosis of distal limb lameness in equine

Performance and rideability issues in horses as a manifestation of pain: A review of differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach

Anatomical position of the palmar/plantar nerves at the metacarpal/metatarsal distal level in horses: An in vivo study by means of ultrasonography

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