Equine asthma: An appropriate, translational and comprehendible terminology?

Rs, Pirie; Ll, Couëtil; Ne, Robinson; Jp, Lavoie

doi:10.1111/evj.12586

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Equine allergic diseases can affect both the skin and the respiratory tract and include insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy and asthma . Horses frequently suffer from a combination of allergic conditions and consequently detection of all contributing allergenic stimuli is important for successful management .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Forsyth

Halliwell

Harrand

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy.Hypothesis/Objectives -To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens.Animals -Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing.Methods and materials -Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested.Results -Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), coreactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses).Conclusions and clinical importance -Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Forsyth

Halliwell

Harrand

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Equine asthma is the appropriate term used to define a nonseptic respiratory syndrome including several different clinical entities which have formerly been known as broken wind, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heaves, inflammatory airway disease (IAD), and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) (Pirie, Couetil, Robinson, & Lavoie, ). The current classification provides the typical characteristics of horses with mild (IAD) to severe (RAO) equine asthma syndrome (Couetil et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severe form of asthma is characterized by bronchial narrowing leading to airflow limitation, labored breathing at rest following exposure of susceptible subjects to specific airborne agents, and reversible and reproducible airway obstruction related with the level of environmental exposures (Couetil et al., ; Pirie et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining long‐acting bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action: A pharmacological approach to optimize bronchodilation of equine airways

Calzetta

Rogliani

Pistocchini³

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The ultra long-acting β -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol plus the ultra long-acting muscarinic antagonist tiotropium bromide are known to relax equine airways. In human bronchi combining these drugs elicits a positive interaction, thus we aimed to characterize this information further in equine isolated airways stimulated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and using the Concentration-Reduction Index (CRI) and Combination Index (CI) equations. The drugs were administered alone and together by reproducing ex vivo the concentration-ratio delivered by the currently available fixed-dose combination (1:1). The single agents elicited a significant (p < .05) concentration-dependent reduction in the EFS-induced contractility, that was synergistically improved (CI 0.18) when administered in combination (0.9 logarithms more potent, 24% more effective than the monocomponents). The drugs mixture allowed a reduction in the concentration of olodaterol from ≃1 to ≃2.3 logarithms. A favorable CRI was detected also for tiotropium bromide, whose concentration can be reduced ≃1 logarithm at medium effect levels, remaining positive up to submaximal relaxant effect in the presence of olodaterol. The combination of tiotropium bromide/olodaterol allows the reduction in the concentration of the monocomponents to achieve airway smooth muscle relaxation, thus potentially decreases the risk of adverse events when these drugs are used to treat severe asthmatic horses.

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“…Equine asthma (EA) [1–3] formerly called inflammatory airway disease (mild asthma) and recurrent airway obstruction (severe asthma) is characterized by periods of acute bronchoconstriction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary neutrophilia, decreased lung compliance and an increase in total lung resistance. Acute episodes of exacerbation are commonly triggered by inhalation of pollutants such as Faenia rectivirgula , Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory role of regulatory T cells in a murine model of severe equine asthma

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIt is accepted that T regulatory cells (Treg) control different types of immune responses. In connection with this role, we have recently described an important increase in CD4+, CD25high, Foxp3+ lymphocytes in the airway system of horses coursing with an exacerbation of severe equine asthma (EA). To explore the potential role of this population in the resolution of EA inflammation, we used a murine experimental model in which airway neutrophilic inflammation, which is similar to that observed in EA, is induced in mice by continual exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus contaminated hay. This model has the advantage that in mice we may induce a reduction of the Treg population using low doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy).ResultsThe results indicated that the percentage of Treg cells increased with allergen exposure, as in horses; and animals partially depleted of Treg cells by treatment with Cy showed increased airway inflammation, demonstrated by an increased percentage of neutrophils and specific immunoglobulins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, a histopathologic study of animals that were pretreated with Cy before antigenic challenge showed higher cellular infiltration in the lung and deeper remodeling changes in the bronchi, including epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as airway smooth muscle hypertrophy.ConclusionIn this murine model of EA, the reduced number and function of Treg induced by low doses of Cy, which directly correlates with increased airway inflammation and lung infiltration, indicates that Treg may play a major role in the regulation and resolution of EA.

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Equine asthma: An appropriate, translational and comprehendible terminology?

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Combining long‐acting bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action: A pharmacological approach to optimize bronchodilation of equine airways

Modulatory role of regulatory T cells in a murine model of severe equine asthma

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