Equine antibody response to larval Parascaris equorum excretory-secretory products

Burk, S.V.; Dangoudoubiyam, Sriveny; Brewster-Barnes, Tammy; Howe, Daniel K.; Carter, Craig N.; Bryant, Uneeda K.; Rossano, M.G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.036

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…104 To date, there is no available method for detection or quantification of pre-patent Parascaris infection in foals. Excretory-secretory antigens (ESA) from Parascaris can be detected in serum 109,110 but passive transfer of colostral antibodies prevents application as a diagnostic test. Molecular markers have been investigated as a means of identifying macrocyclic lactone resistance.…”

Section: In Young Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control

Rendle,

Hughes,

Bowen

et al. 2024

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus on how best to balance our need to minimise the risk of parasite‐associated disease in the individual horse, with the need to limit the use of anthelmintics in the population to preserve their efficacy through delaying further development of resistance.ObjectivesTo develop evidence‐based guidelines utilising a modified GRADE framework.MethodsA panel of veterinary scientists with relevant expertise and experience was convened. Relevant research questions were identified and developed with associated search terms being defined. Evidence in the veterinary literature was evaluated using the GRADE evidence‐to‐decision framework. Literature searches were performed utilising CAB abstracts and PubMed. Where there was insufficient evidence to answer the research question the panel developed practical guidance based on their collective knowledge and experience.ResultsSearch results are presented, and recommendation or practical guidance were made in response to 37 clinically relevant questions relating to the use of anthelmintics in horses.Main limitationsThere was insufficient evidence to answer many of the questions with any degree of certainty and practical guidance frequently had to be based upon extrapolation of relevant information and the panel members' collective experience and opinions.ConclusionsEquine parasite control practices and current recommendations have a weak evidence base. These guidelines highlight changes in equine parasite control that should be considered to reduce the threat of parasite‐associated disease and delay the development of further anthelmintic resistance.

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Section: In Young Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control

Rendle,

Hughes,

Bowen

et al. 2024

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…In the case of Parascaris spp., equine research herds are expensive to maintain, require a large amount of land, and obtaining adult parasites requires euthanasia of healthy foals that require eleven months gestation and another approximate five months before adult parasites can be harvested. There is one research herd known globally that is regularly used for this purpose (Lyons et al 1990 ), and many specimens obtained elsewhere are from abattoirs (Janssen et al 2013 ; Martin et al 2020 , 2021a ; Trailovic et al 2021 ) or collected opportunistically at diagnostic necropsies (Burk et al 2014 , 2016 ; Rakhshandehroo et al 2016 ; Malekpour et al 2019 ). Adult Parascaris spp.…”

Section: Life Cycle and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L2/L3 larvae can be hatched from eggs (Burk et al 2014 ; Rakhshandehroo et al 2017 ; Martin et al 2021a ), which does not require sacrificing a horse, although they cannot be grown into L4 and L5 larvae or adults. The longevity of these larvae in culture is unknown, but they have been kept alive for at least 48 h (Martin et al 2021a ) and have been used in drug exposure (Rakhshandehroo et al 2017 ; Martin et al 2021a ) and immunology (Burk et al 2014 , 2016 ) studies. Differences in protein transport gene expression between adults and larvae hatched from eggs in vitro (Martin et al 2021a ) must be considered when interpreting data and comparing results between life stages, but the larval culturing system is a promising path forward in Parascaris spp.…”

Section: Life Cycle and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…excretory–secretory products identified 19 kDa, 22 kDa, 26 kDa, and 34 kDa products that elicited an antibody response in sera of previously infected foals (Burk et al 2014 ). Mares were shown to have antibodies against these products and passed them to foals via colostrum during the first suckling (Burk et al 2016 ). These antibodies are not useful for diagnosis because the foals acquire them shortly after birth, and they are likely not useful for vaccination because, despite their presence, foals still become infected with Parascaris spp.…”

Section: Life Cycle and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes

Cain

Nielsen

2022

Parasitol Res

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The equine ascarids, Parascaris spp., are important nematode parasites of juvenile horses and were historically model organisms in the field of cell biology, leading to many important discoveries, and are used for the study of chromatin diminution. In veterinary parasitology, Parascaris spp. are important not only because they can cause clinical disease in young horses but also because they are the only ascarid parasites to have developed widespread anthelmintic resistance. Despite this, much of the general biology and mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance are poorly understood. This review condenses known basic biological information and knowledge on the mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp., highlighting the importance of foundational research programs. Although two variants of this parasite were recognized based on the number of chromosomes in the 1870s and suggested to be two species in 1890, one of these, P. univalens , appears to have been largely forgotten in the veterinary scientific literature over the past 100 years. We describe how this omission has had a century-long effect on nomenclature and data analysis in the field, highlighting the importance of proper specimen identification in public repositories. A summary of important basic biology, including life cycle, in vitro maintenance, and immunology, is given, and areas of future research for the improvement of knowledge and development of new systems are given. Finally, the limited knowledge regarding anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp. is summarized, along with caution regarding assumptions that resistance mechanisms can be applied across clades.

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“…Among these helminths, eggs of Toxocara canis are widely present in dogs and cats and they are causative agents of human toxocariasis which is a zoonotic infection 5 . Similarly, Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi eggs are responsible for equine helminth infection 6,7 . Furthermore, in humans, an annual disease burden of more than 1.5 billion is caused by chronic nematode infection ascariasis which is a parasitic nematode infection of human gastrointestinal tract caused by a giant roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time detection and identification of nematode eggs genus and species through optical imaging

Qazi

Khalid

Poddar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nematode eggs are pervasive pathogens that infect billions of people and livestock every year. Adult parasitic nematode worms can be distinguished based on their size and morphology. However, their eggs, particularly their species Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum cannot be identified from each other. Identifying eggs of helminths from wastewater and sludge is important from a public health perspective to minimize the spread of Ascaris infections. Numerous methods exist for nematode identification, from a morphological-based approach to high throughput sequencing technology. However, these techniques are not consistent and often laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we demonstrate that non-invasive real-time identification of eggs is possible based on their intrinsic fluorescence. Using confocal microscopy, we investigate the autofluorescence properties of five species of nematode eggs and observe clear differences between genus and for the first time their species in sludge samples. This non-invasive imaging technique could lead to better understanding of these species and may assist in early control of diseases.

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Equine antibody response to larval Parascaris equorum excretory-secretory products

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control

The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes

Real-time detection and identification of nematode eggs genus and species through optical imaging

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