Equine Aging and the Oocyte: A Potential Model for Reproductive Aging in Women

Carnevale, E.M.; Catandi, G.; Fresa, Kyle

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103022

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Considering the similarities between the mare and woman in follicular development (e.g. monovular, long follicular phase, similar follicle wave patterns, decades-long reproductive lifespans) and age-associated changes in reproduction, the mare represents an applicable model for reproductive aging in women ( Carnevale 2008 , Carnevale et al 2020 ) and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

et al. 2022

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Dietary supplementation is the most feasible method to improve oocyte function and developmental potential in vivo. During three experiments, oocytes were collected from maturing, dominant follicles of older mares to determine whether short-term dietary supplements can alter oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential. Over approximately 8 weeks, control mares were fed hay (CON) or hay and grain products (COB). Treated mares received supplements designed for equine wellness and gastrointestinal health, flaxseed oil, and a proprietary blend of fatty acid and antioxidant support (reproductive support supplement (RSS)) intended to increase antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation. RSS was modified for individual experiments with additional antioxidants or altered concentrations of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids. Oocytes from mares supplemented with RSS when compared to COB had higher basal oxygen consumption, indicative of higher aerobic metabolism, and proportionately more aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. In the second experiment, oocytes collected from the same mares prior to (CON) and after approximately 8 weeks of RSS supplementation had significantly reduced oocyte lipid abundance. In the final experiment, COB was compared to RSS supplementation, including RSS modified to proportionately reduce n-3 fatty acids and increase n-6 fatty acids. The ability of sperm-injected oocytes to develop into blastocysts was higher for RSS, regardless of fatty acid content, than for COB. We demonstrated that short-term diet supplementation can directly affect oocyte function in older mares, resulting in oocytes with increased metabolic activity, reduced lipid content, and increased developmental potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

et al. 2022

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“…Also, in aged mice, treatment with the NAD + precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) restored oocyte quality, embryo development and functional fertility (Bertoldo et al, 2020; Miao et al, 2020). A feature of the age‐related decline in mare fertility is a reduction in oocyte quality, which has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and chromosome misalignment (Carnevale et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Pollard

Gibb

Swegen

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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NAD+ deficiency has recently been linked with increased occurrences of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death in human and animal subjects. Early embryonic death is a major component of pregnancy loss in mares and very little is known regarding the requirement for NAD+ in horses. The aim of this study was to quantify NAD+ and its metabolites in the plasma and urine of mares after orally administering an acute dose of nicotinic acid and determine the absorption, metabolism and excretion of this essential precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis. Nicotinic acid (5 g per os) was administered to four mares via a dosing syringe. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 22 h, and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 22 h. The samples were processed and analysed by mass spectrometry. A general additive model was applied to all metabolite concentration values followed by a post‐hoc multiple comparisons test. Nicotinic acid was rapidly absorbed into peripheral blood within 15 min of administration and the concentrations of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinuric acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) increased significantly in plasma at 30 min. The concentrations of NAM, nicotinic acid riboside and NaAD increased significantly in urine at 3 h. The levels of NAM and NaAD remained significantly elevated in plasma at 22 h, sixfold and ninefold greater, respectively, than the basal levels at 0 h. While the extracellular levels of NAD+ in the samples remained undetected, the large, sustained elevation of NaAD levels in plasma indicates that the NAD+ levels were boosted within the cellular compartments. The results show that nicotinic acid supplementation increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares, which is proposed to be beneficial during periods of peak NAD+ demand, such as during early embryo development.

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“…Noting here that embryo health is a continuum rather than a binary pregnant/non-pregnant outcome, it is becoming increasingly apparent that a range of maternal and, indeed, paternal factors can affect the health of offspring, including diet, ageing, exposure to environmental pollutants, in vitro gamete manipulation and many others, collectively termed ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ or DOHaD ( Fleming et al 2015 , Duranthon & Chavatte-Palmer 2018 ). It is also now emerging that many of these impacts occur remarkably early in development, and some are mediated through effects on the contributing gametes, such as the consequences of ageing and oxidative stress on spermatozoa and oocytes culminating in metabolic aberrations, altered epigenetic status and other changes in early embryos ( Jenkins et al 2015 , Woods et al 2018 , Carnevale et al 2020 , Yoshizaki et al 2021 ). In this context, monitoring embryo health is set to become an important tool both in studying and diagnosis of DOHaD related conditions, particularly in light of the horse’s role as an elite athlete, wherein even minor developmental defects can compromise performance potential.…”

Section: Adjusting Expectations: Mrp As Academic Pursuit Vs Clinical Panaceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare: does it exist and why do we care?

Swegen

2021

Reproduction

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Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) is a process by which an early conceptus signals its presence to the maternal system and prevents the lysis of the corpus luteum, thus ensuring a maternal milieu supportive of pregnancy continuation. It is a fundamental aspect of reproductive biology, yet in the horse, the mechanism underlying MRP remains unknown. This review seeks to address some of the controversies surrounding the evidence and theories of MRP in the equine species, such as the idea that the horse does not conform to the MRP paradigm established in other species or that equine MRP involves a mechanical, rather than chemical, signal. The review examines the challenges of studying this particularly clandestine phenomenon along with the new tools in scientific research that will drive this quest forward in coming years, and discuss the value of knowledge gleaned along this path in the context of clinical applications for improving breeding outcomes in the horse industry.

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Equine Aging and the Oocyte: A Potential Model for Reproductive Aging in Women

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare: does it exist and why do we care?

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Equine Aging and the Oocyte: A Potential Model for Reproductive Aging in Women

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare: does it exist and why do we care?

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Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares