Equine adenovirus 1 infection of hospitalised and healthy foals and horses

Characterisation of the Equine adenovirus 2 genome

“…Later studies suggested associations between EAdV infections and variable clinical presentations in foals and horses (Bell et al, 2006;Dunowska et al, 2002;Studdert et al, 1974;Wilks and Studdert, 1972). The adenoviruses were initially divided into two serotypes and subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed these serotypes as separate viral species now referred to as Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1) and Equine adenovirus 2 (EAdV-2) (Cavanagh et al, 2012;Reubel and Studdert, 1997).…”

Fatal bronchopneumonia caused by skunk adenovirus 1 in an African pygmy hedgehog

“…7 Adenovirus-associated disease can occur; however, morbidity in the host species is associated with underlying immunosuppressive disease, such as in dogs with concurrent canine adenovirus 1 and canine distemper or parvovirus infection, or in Arabian foals with severe combined immune deficiency. 3,6 In 2015, a single icteric skunk in Canada infected by the novel skunk adenovirus 1 (SkAdV-1; family Adenoviridae , genus Mastadenovirus , species Skunk mastadenovirus A ) had necrotizing hepatitis, and in 2016 a single African pygmy hedgehog (APH; Atelerix albiventris ) in Japan that died as a result of heart failure was found to have subclinical tracheitis caused by the same adenovirus. 10,11 We report herein clinical and fatal disease caused by SkAdV-1 infection in a hedgehog.…”

“…Adenoviral respiratory disease has been described in calves, Arabian foals with severe combined immune deficiency, dogs, and bats, although, unlike in our case, the viruses involved are specific for the affected species. 1,3,6,7,10,12 SkAdV-1 was named for the first species in which it was discovered; however, no work has been reported on host adaptation, to our knowledge. The prevalence of SkAdV-1 in skunks and APHs is unknown.…”

Pathological approach to respiratory infections: Should underlying immunodeficiencies be widely considered?

“…At the UKVDL, the most common viral cause of pneumonia isolated from foals and yearling's is equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1, 8 cases) with rare instances of equine herpes virus-5 (EHV-5, 1 case) infections and equine adenovirus (1 case). Equine adenovirus is frequently detected in healthy foals and mares but rarely causes clinical disease including upper respiratory infections, pneumonia or diarrhoea (Bell et al, 2006). Fatal adenoviral pneumonia has been reported in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (Thompson et al, 1976).…”