Equine abortion associated with <i>Enterobacter agglomerans</i>

Gibson, J. A.; Eaves, L. E.; O’Sullivan, Belinda

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02363.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The bacteria isolated from the placenta were comparable to those isolated from the outer genital tract. 6,5 The lesional distribution also supported this ascending infection hypothesis, especially lesions caused by fungi and those of chronic placentitis, which frequently affected the cervical star area. 9 However, some bacteria were able to reach the placenta via the blood stream, especially those cases in which abortion occurred at earlier gestational age and bacterial emboli were ob-served in the placenta and fetal tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…13,14 The most commonly reported pathogens associated with equine placentitis cases in previous studies have been S. zooepidemicus, fungi, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., and K. pneumoniae. 5,14,16,[18][19][20] The frequency of bacteria or fungi isolated or demonstrated from the placenta varies with geographic area and changes with time. Whitewell 20 reported a high incidence of mycotic placentitis in a 10-year study in England.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology and Pathology of Equine Placentitis

et al. 1993

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Abstract. Placentas from aborted, stillborn, and premature foals were examined during the 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons, and 236 of 954 (24.7%) had placentitis. Microorganisms associated with placentitis were isolated or demonstrated from 162 of 236 (68.6%) placentitis cases. Leptospira spp. and a nocardioform actinomycete were 2 important, newly emerging bacteria associated with equine placentitis. Major pathogens identified in decreasing order were Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Leptospira spp., Escherichia coli, a nocardioform actinomycete, fungi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equisimilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus. Pathogens were not recovered in 64 cases (27.1%) and overgrowth by saprophytic bacteria was recorded in 10 cases (4.2%). Twenty-seven cases (16.6%) had mixed bacterial growth and 93 cases (57.4%) had bacteria cultured from both placenta and fetal organs. The majority of the placentitis cases caused by bacteria, with the exception of Leptospira spp. and the nocardioform actinomycete, occurred in 2 forms. One was acute, focal or diffuse; had an infiltration of neutrophils in the intervillous spaces or necrosis of chorionic villi; was associated with bacteremia; and frequently occurred in the placenta from fetuses expelled before or at midgestation. The other was observed from foals expelled at late gestation, was mostly chronic and focal or focally extensive, and occurred mostly at the cervical star area. Chronic placentitis was characterized by the presence of 1 or a combination of the following lesions: necrosis of chorionic villi, presence of eosinophilic amorphous material on the chorion, and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the intervillous spaces, villous stroma, chorionic stroma, vascular layer, and allantois. Chorangiosis, hyperplasia with or without squamous metaplasia of the chorionic epithelim, and adenomatous hyperplasia of the allantoic epithelium were frequently associated with chronic placentitis. Leptospira spp. induced, regardless of gestational age, a diffuse placentitis with the presence of a large number of spirochetes in the stromal tissues. The nocardioform actinomycete, a gram-positive, filamentous, and branching bacillus, induced an unique chronic-active focally extensive placentitis located at the base of the horn or at the junction between the body and horn of the allantochorion. Fungi, with the exception of Histoplasma sp. and Candida sp., induced a chronic focally extensive placentitis at the cervical star area similar to that seen in chronic bacterial placentitis. Histoplasma sp. induced a multifocal granulomatous placentitis, and Candida sp. induced a diffuse necrotizing and proliferative placentitis.Abortion and stillbirth are major causes of equine mortality and cause a severe economic loss to the equine industry. 8,12,16 Causes of abortion and stillbirth are many, but placentitis was considered by some workers as the single most important cause. 17,18 There are few reports on equine place...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and Pathology of Equine Placentitis

et al. 1993

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“…Compared to humans, there are only few reports on infections caused by Pantoea agglomerans in vertebrate animals. Gibson et al [60] has identified P. agglomerans as a possible cause of equine abortion on the basis of positive cultures from aborted foetuses and/or foetal membranes associated with the presence of inflammatory lesions, mostly appearing as interstitial pneumonia, which had been evidenced by histopathological examination. Considering the known affinity of P. agglomerans to mammalian macrophages [55], the electron micrograph reproduced by authors is very meaningful, showing numerous bacteria engulfed within a cytoplasmic vacuole of an alveolar macrophage of aborted foetus (Fig.…”

Section: Causative Agent Of Infections In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part III. Deleterious effects: infections of humans, animals and plants

Dutkiewicz¹,

Maćkiewicz²,

Lemieszek³

et al. 2016

Ann Agric Environ Med.

172

122

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Pantoea agglomerans, a bacterium associated with plants, is not an obligate infectious agent in humans. However, it could be a cause of opportunistic human infections, mostly by wound infection with plant material, or as a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. Wound infection with P. agglomerans usually follow piercing or laceration of skin with a plant thorn, wooden splinter or other plant material and subsequent inoculation of the plant-residing bacteria, mostly during performing of agricultural occupations and gardening, or children playing. Septic arthritis or synovitis appears as a common clinical outcome of exogenous infection with P. agglomerans, others include endophthalmitis, periostitis, endocarditis and osteomyelitis. Another major reason for clinical infection with P. agglomerans is exposure of hospitalized, often immunodeficient individuals to medical equipment or fluids contaminated with this bacterium. Epidemics of nosocomial septicemia with fatal cases have been described in several countries, both in adult and paediatric patients. In most cases, however, the clinical course of the hospital-acquired disease was mild and application of the proper antibiotic treatment led to full recovery. Compared to humans, there are only few reports on infectious diseases caused by Pantoea agglomerans in vertebrate animals. This species has been identified as a possible cause of equine abortion and placentitis and a haemorrhagic disease in dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus). P. agglomerans strains occur commonly, usually as symbionts, in insects and other arthropods. Pantoea agglomerans usually occurs in plants as an epi-or endophytic symbiont, often as mutualist. Nevertheless, this species has also also been identified as a cause of diseases in a range of cultivable plants, such as cotton, sweet onion, rice, maize, sorghum, bamboo, walnut, an ornamental plant called Chinese taro (Alocasia cucullata), and a grass called onion couch (Arrhenatherum elatius). Some plant-pathogenic strains of P. agglomerans are tumourigenic, inducing gall formation on table beet, an ornamental plant gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata), wisteria, Douglas-fir and cranberry. Recently, a Pantoea species closely related to P. agglomerans has been identified as a cause of bacterial blight disease in the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii cultivated in China. The genetically governed determinants of plant pathogenicity in Pantoea agglomerans include such mechanisms as the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) system, phytohormones, the quorum-sensing (QS) feedback system and type III secretion system (T3SS) injecting the effector proteins into the cytosol of a plant cell.

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“…According to the reports on the epizootic situation with animal infection diseases in the Russian Federation (https://fsvps.gov.ru/fsvps/iac/rf/reports.html), cases of bacterial infectious diseases associated with reproductive system pathologies are annually registered on the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition to pathogenic microbes, opportunistic microorganisms, including the representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family and etc., can play an important role as causative agents of infectious diseases in animals [1,2]. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant variants of these types of microorganisms is of serious concern to world health and veterinary specialists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of antimicrobial resistance for the causative agent of the bovine reproductive system infection by the NGS method

Zaytsev¹,

Khizhnyakova²,

Красникова

et al. 2021

BIO Web Conf.

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In the present study, the biomaterial specimen derived from a farm animal with a chronic reproductive system infection was carefully investigated using the Next Generation Sequencing method. The bacterial DNA of the genus Enterobacter was detected. The genetic determinants of resistance to 12 classes of antibiotics were identified in the genome of this microorganism. The data obtained highlight the necessity of strengthening global control over the spread of resistant microorganism strains in agriculture especially in the animal husbandry sector.

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Equine abortion associated with Enterobacter agglomerans

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Etiology and Pathology of Equine Placentitis

Etiology and Pathology of Equine Placentitis

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part III. Deleterious effects: infections of humans, animals and plants

Study of antimicrobial resistance for the causative agent of the bovine reproductive system infection by the NGS method

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