Equilibrium studies on butane-1,4-diamine extraction with 4-nonylphenol

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The extraction of butane-1,4-diamine (BDA) from aqueous solutions with undiluted 4-nonylphenol (4NP) has been studied at three temperatures (298 K, 310 K and 323 K) in a batch system. A reactive extraction model based on mass action law was applied to describe the experimental data. RESULTS: The model developed describes the distribution of BDA between the 4NP phase and the aqueous phase, and the average stoichiometry of the complexation due to interactions between the two amine groups of BDA and 4NP, as well as the complexation constant were fitted to experimental data with good accuracy for each of the three temperatures, the largest error at the confidence limit of the estimated parameters being 6%. Using a Van't Hoff plot, the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium constant were determined and used to estimate that in a single stage with only S/F = 0.5, over 99% of the BDA can be extracted from a 1.146 wt% aqueous solution. High distribution ratios at low BDA concentrations hampered the effective recovery by back-extraction in a single stage, therefore multistage processing was considered and short-cut calculations revealed a maximum concentration factor of 3.6. CONCLUSION: Good agreement between single stage equilibrium data and the model was obtained and the model developed was used in short-cut calculation of a coupled multistage forward and back-extraction process showing a maximum concentration factor of only 3.6, therefore an alternative, more effective recovery strategy, e.g. through anti-solvent addition is suggested.

Aerated extraction columns for in situ separation of bio‐based diamines from cell suspensions

“…Extraction processes from fermentation media, mainly focusing on phase equilibria and mass transfer, have been presented for a variety of bio-based carboxylic acids [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] as well as for a distinct number of diols, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] amino acids and diamines. [44][45][46][47][48][49] In situ extraction can increase the bioprocess performance by preventing product inhibition, but also substrate inhibition by continually providing a hydrophobic substrate in the extracting organic phase. Nevertheless, integrated in situ extraction processes from cell-containing fermentation broth have received little attention except for some work on solvent selection and hydrodynamics.…”

“…While effective cultivation operations have been developed in recent years, the corresponding downstream operations, which are one of the major cost factors, have not been examined in as much detail. Extraction processes from fermentation media, mainly focusing on phase equilibria and mass transfer, have been presented for a variety of bio‐based carboxylic acids as well as for a distinct number of diols, amino acids and diamines . In situ extraction can increase the bioprocess performance by preventing product inhibition, but also substrate inhibition by continually providing a hydrophobic substrate in the extracting organic phase.…”

Reactive and physical extraction of bio-based diamines from fermentation media

“…The concept of these processes can be transferred and adapted to extract amines with acids as reactive extractant. First approaches in this direction are the extraction of butane‐1,4‐diamine and pentane‐1,5‐diamine using different organic acids and solvents . However, the pH value was not considered in these investigations, although the pH value is a crucial parameter in reactive extraction and of special interest in biological processes since the biological catalyst usually defines certain bounds for pH variation …”

“…First approaches in this direction are the extraction of butane-1,4-diamine and pentane-1,5-diamine using different organic acids and solvents. 17,18 However, the pH value was not considered in these investigations, although the pH value is a crucial parameter in reactive extraction and of special interest in biological processes since the biological catalyst usually defines certain bounds for pH variation. 19,20 Solvent selection is a major task in the design of an extraction process.…”

Optimization of Settling Behavior for an Efficient Solvent‐Extraction Process for Biobased Components

“…Apart from the mechanism of stabilization, the reduction of these effects by adjusting the composition of the system or variation of process conditions, such as temperature, are measures that can be applied to improve the process , . The analysis of diamine extraction as the chosen model component from aqueous media focused only on phase equilibrium, but not on phase separation , . To the authors' knowledge, there are no detailed studies available on coalescence behavior and the settling time for such systems with an organic extractive phase and an aqueous biological fermentation medium.…”