Equilibrium Relationship between Ecosystem Service Supply and Consumption Driven by Economic Development and Ecological Restoration

Abstract

Economic development and ecological restoration guided by policies has had a profound impact on the relationship between ecosystem service supply and consumption in the past few decades. Exploring the relationship in specific study areas is necessary to support regional planning for sustainability. In this study, we analyzed the equilibrium relationship between ecosystem service supply and consumption driven by economic development and ecological restoration from 1995 to 2018 in Northeast China. We quantified the supply and consumption of three critical ecosystem services, food production, water yield and atmospheric regulation, and identified the main areas for supply and consumption of ecosystem services. We measured the quantity and spatial equilibrium relationship between ecosystem service supply and consumption driven by economic development and ecological restoration at economic megaregion scale. We found the new industrial structure shaped by regional economic development policies formed the new ecosystem service consumer demand. The development of agricultural industry not only resulted in the increase of water consumption, but also the scope of water consumption was expanded in Northeast China. The development of tertiary industry causes the change of atmospheric regulation consumption in urban agglomeration. What’s more, economic development exacerbated imbalances in the supply and consumption of ecosystem services. The unbalanced areas where food supply was less than consumption were in the clusters of Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, and coastal cities. Since food products can circulate freely through the market, this imbalance will not fundamentally affect regional food security, but will improve the level of agricultural industrialization and scale. The implementation of the grain economic policy caused the rapid expansion of unbalanced areas where water supply was less than consumption. The incredible space mismatch between the supply and consumption of ecosystem services still exists for a long time. However, the implementation of the ecological restoration didn’t effectively solve the problem of insatiable ecosystem service consumption. The ecosystem service consumption brought by economic development need to be given the utmost attention when formulating ecological restoration policies and economic development policies. The results can provide insights for enhancing economic sustainability in northeast china, as well other economic megaregion with similar characteristics throughout the world.

Evaluation of Urban Ecological Livability from a Synergistic Perspective: A Case Study of Beijing City, China

“…The government should actively implement national policies and consider the needs of marginalized people [56]; enterprises should actively respond to the national call for energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development and actively carry out transformation and upgrading [57]; social groups should play a positive influence role and support the work of the government; and the public should play a supervisory role over the work of the government, enterprises, and social groups to effectively promote the construction of ecologically livable cities. The implementation of these strategies will The government should actively implement national policies and consider the needs of marginalized people [56]; enterprises should actively respond to the national call for energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development and actively carry out transformation and upgrading [57]; social groups should play a positive influence role and support the work of the government; and the public should play a supervisory role over the work of the government, enterprises, and social groups to effectively promote the construction of ecologically livable cities. The implementation of these strategies will facilitate the development of the five systems to a quality coordinated level to achieve the goal of building a high-quality eco-livable city.…”

Exploring the Sustainable Development of E-commerce Ecosystems in the Perspective of Green Health

“…Most of the enterprises that originally used scale expansion, investment pioneers and other development modes have been unable to meet the needs of the current situation. The corresponding development space is also gradually shrinking [1]. The E-commerce ecosystem, as an emerging business ecosystem, breaks through the boundaries of the traditional model so that e-commerce enterprise organizations to achieve organic integration between them, more closely related to each other, to promote healthy competition in the market [2].…”