Equilibrium Reactions in Preschoolers

Izraelevitz, Terry Ann; Fisher, Anne G.; Bundy, Anita

doi:10.1177/153944928500500302

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each incident of an equilibrium reaction was recorded, on the subject data sheet when any of the following was observed: (a) flexion and/or abduction of the arms at the shoulders, extension or abduction of the hips, or a combination of both; (b) lateral flexion of head and trunk; (c) hopping reaction of lower extremities (Izraelevitz, Fisher, & Bundy, 1985); or (d) use of spotters for support.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Mental Practice on Walking Balance in an Elderly Population

Linden

Uhley²,

Smith³

et al. 1989

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the effects oj mental practice on improving walking balance in an elderly population. Walking balance was defined as walking in an upright position without the elicitation ojequilibrium reactions. The subjects were videotaped traversing an activity course, and trained observers measured equilibrium reactions (the number ojupperextremity reactions elicited) andJootplacement for each subject. Twenty-three female subjects between the ages oj 67 and 90 years were randomly assigned to one oj two groups. The experimental group mentally practiced traversing the activity course with the aid oj a 6-minute audiotape. The control group participated in sedentary activities oj equal duration. Both groups metJor eight sessions. Independent and correlated t tests indicated no significant difference in walking balance between thegroups (p < .05). However, there wasa significant difference in equilibrium reactions when subjects carried objects as opposed to walking with their hands free (p < .05). The results and implications oj this study are discussed in terms of their significance to occupational therapy practice and research.

show abstract

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Mental Practice on Walking Balance in an Elderly Population

Linden

Uhley²,

Smith³

et al. 1989

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…BOBS, SBO, and SBC evaluate very different aspects of balance from those tests developed by Fisher and Bundy (Fisher & Bundy, 1983;Fisher 1984); yet all three groups of tests have face validity, and all three groups of tests have been shown to discriminate between normal children and children with CNS dysfunction (Ayres, 1976;Bruininks, 1978;Fisher & Bundy, 1982). Subsequent studies modified, standardized, and collected preliminary normative data on three of the four original tests on approximately 300 normal children 3 to 13 years old (Fisher, 1984;Izraelevitz, Fisher, & Bundy, 1985) The three tests include Tilt Board Tip (TBT), Flat Board Reach (FBR), and Tilt Board Reach (TBR) The fourth test, Flat Board Push, was discarded because it was difficult to administer in a reliable manner. The validity of the modified TBT, FBR, and TBR was demonstrated by the ability of the three angle scores to predict age (R z =56 for normal girls and R 2 = .64 for normal boys) and to discriminate (with SBO) between and correctly classify 76% of normal boys and boys with vestibular dysfunction (Fisher, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Validity of Equilibrium Tests in Boys With Learning Disabilities With and Without Vestibular Dysfunction

Bundy¹,

Fisher²,

Freeman³

et al. 1987

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Six equilibrium measures were administered to 50 boys with learning disabilities, 25 with and 25 without suspected vestibular system dysfunction. Pearson product moment correlations were computed between test scores for the total sample and for each subgroup to establish concurrent validity between tests. Four correlations for the total sample and three for each of the subgroups were statistically significant. However, only 3 of the 10 correlation coefficients mentioned were greater than r = 0.5. The relatively low magnitude of many of the correlations obtained demonstrates that different tests of equilibrium measure different balance-related competencies, and that competence in one area does not indicate competence in another. Therapists evaluating equilibrium should administer more than one test. The tilt test used in this investigation did not correlate significantly with any other test. This suggests that tilt tests should routinely be included in the evaluation of equilibrium.

show abstract

Objective Assessment of the Quality of Response During Two Equilibrium Tasks

Fisher

1989

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Therapists typically evaluate the balance abilities of children as part of developmental or diagnostic assessments. While the pattern or quality of a child's balance reaction is considered to be an important indicator of developmental delay or disability, no criteria for objectively scoring the qualitative aspects of balance reactions have been developed. As a result, the evaluation of the quality of a balance reaction has remained subjective. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a qualitative grading scale for scoring the overall pattern of balance reactions on two clinical tests of balance: Tilt Board Reach and Flat Board Reach. Six patterns of response were identified in an initial sample of 66 normal children and 25 children with learning disabilities. Two trained assistants, unaware of age and group membership, then graded the responses of an independent sample of 263 normal children between 2 and 13 years of age, and 26 boys with learning disability and sensory integrative dysfunction between 7 and 14 years of age. Descriptive analysis of patterns of response by age for the normal children resulted in the identification of three normal patterns and three atypical patterns. Although boys with identified learning disabilities associated with sensory integrative dysfunction often used normal patterns, they were more likely than normal children to use either abnormal patterns or patterns commonly used by very young children.

show abstract

Equilibrium Reactions in Preschoolers

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

The Effects of Mental Practice on Walking Balance in an Elderly Population

The Effects of Mental Practice on Walking Balance in an Elderly Population

Concurrent Validity of Equilibrium Tests in Boys With Learning Disabilities With and Without Vestibular Dysfunction

Objective Assessment of the Quality of Response During Two Equilibrium Tasks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About