Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution using agricultural waste biochar

Enhanced Wastewater Remediation Using Mesoporous Activated Wheat Straw Biochars: A Dye Removal Perspective

“…On the other hand, as the dye concentration rises, more dye molecules contend for the same adsorption sites on the surface, decreasing the effectiveness of dye removal. This is due to the fact that when the quantity of dye molecules rises, the adsorbent material’s surface area remains constant. , …”

“…The cause is that a higher biochar dosage increased the number of surface adsorption sites, which led to a higher amount of adsorption. By further increasing the biochar dosage, it was found that there was no beneficial effect for BC-800 (1:1), and the excess in available adsorption sites was not utilized. , For the case of 6 mg of BC-800 (1:1), this material exhibited a removal efficiency of 94.42%, while 8 mg of BC-800 (1:0.5) and BC-800 (1:0.25) presented removal efficiencies of 90.13% and 73.11%, respectively, for RhB, while for MB, 6 mg of each adsorbent provided removal efficiencies of 91.66%, 89.91%, and 75.95% for BC-800 (1:1), BC-800 (1:0.5), and BC-800 (1:0.25), respectively. Finally, for MO, 6 mg of the coral-structured adsorbents demonstrated dye removal of 95.73%, 84.03%, and 71.23% for BC-800 (1:1), BC-800 (1:0.5), and BC-800 (1:0.25), respectively.…”