Equilibrium isotherm studies for the sorption of benzene, toluene, and phenol onto organo-zeolites and as-synthesized MCM-41

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

“…The high ion exchange capacity of zeolites, their extensive porosities and specific surface areas, as well as their relatively cheap prices, make natural zeolites attractive adsorbents [208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222]. However, synthetic zeolites are also widely tested, especially because through synthesis a useful control can be obtained over the Si/Al ratio in the zeolite composition.…”

“…A zeolite with a higher content of the more hydrophobic silicon can show higher affinity for nonpolar organics [223,224]. Some of the synthetic zeolites for which studies can be found in the literature are the beta (BEA) zeolite [221,223,225], ZSM-5 [211,[221][222][223], hydroxysodalite [226], zeolite A (LTA) [224,227], zeolite P [226], zeolite X [224,227], zeolite Y [222,224,228,229] and dealuminated Y (DAY) zeolite [230][231][232].…”

“…However, surface modification can change the surface functionality by adding cationic surfactants or other hydrophobic groups thus making them applicable for adsorption of various anions and organics. The most common surface modifiers are salts of a variety of quaternary amines such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA, the most popular surfactant) [210][211][212][213][214]224,226,[234][235][236], octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium (ODMBA) [216][217][218], stearyldimethylbenzylammonium (SDBA) [219,224] or benzyltetradecyl ammonium (BDTDA) [212]. Other posibilities are cetylpyridinium salts [211,220], cyclodextrins [208] and chlorosilanes [209].…”

“…Among some of the organic compounds that have been observed to be successfully removed by zeolites are phenolic compounds [208,[210][211][212]223,225,228,232,238], PAHs [209,231], BTEX [209][210][211]236], other aromatics such as nitrobenzene, bisphenol A, aniline and aniline derivatives [208,210,226,232,235], dyes [146,[213][214][215]230,233], pesticides [219,227] and pharmaceuticals [220][221][222]229].…”

The Effect of Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Modification by Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Photocatalytic Degradation of 1,3-Dinitrobenzene

“…These compounds can reach the environment as a result of fossil fuel burning, coke burning, metal processing facilities, hydrocarbon production, and so on. 3,4 Several treatment methods for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions have been reported, mainly electrochemical treatments, evaporation, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration and adsorption. 5 Most of these methods involve high capital cost and are not suitable for small-scale industries.…”