Equilibrium between Ti and O in Molten Fe–Ni, Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys Equilibrated with ‘Ti3O5’ Solid Solution

Seok, Seong Ho; Miki, Tsuneharu; Hino, Mitsutaka

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.51.566

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although a number of Ti-containing oxides (TiO, TiO2, Ti3O5, Ti2O3, etc.) can exist as products of deoxidation reactions by titanium, when mass % Ti was between 0.0004 to 0.36, Ti3O5 was the only stable equilibrium oxide in steel, as demonstrated by the electron backscatter diffraction technique [43][44][45][46]. Based on the compositions of steel in the current research, the isothermal section of the Al2O3-Ti3O5-CaO ternary phase diagram at 1873 K with p(O2) = 10 −14 atm (computed by FactSage 7.0, THERMFACT LTD, Quebec, Canada), as shown in Figure 3, was introduced to analyze the composition of inclusions.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Titanium in the steel production process shows many valence states, such as Ti 2+ , Ti 3+ , and Ti 4+ [43][44][45]. In addition, the types of titanium oxides are determined by combining the partial pressure of oxygen with mass fraction of titanium in steel [46]. Although a number of Ti-containing oxides (TiO, TiO 2 , Ti O 5 , Ti 2 O 3 , etc.)…”

Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical elements, as well as mole ratios in each observed precipitate, were determined by SEM-EDS (Zeiss Ultra-Plus, ZEISS, Jena, Germany), and then the data were converted to mass fraction of CaO, of oxygen with mass fraction of titanium in steel [46]. Although a number of Ti-containing oxides (TiO, TiO2, Ti3O5, Ti2O3, etc.)…”

Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Al on Evolution of the Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Steel with Ca Treatment

Zhang

Duan

2019

Metals

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Experimental simulations of steelmaking with different amounts of aluminum were achieved in the tube furnace at 1873 K and field scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM and EDX) were employed to explore the characteristics of the inclusions in Ti-bearing steel during the calcium treatment process. It was found that morphologies, chemical compositions, and the size distribution of the inclusions were obviously different before and after calcium treatment. The calcium addition need be carefully considered regarding the mass fraction of aluminum with the purpose of modifying the solid inclusions to liquid phases. The thermodynamic analysis of inclusion formation in the Al–Ti–Ca–O system at 1873 K was conducted, as well as transformation behaviors of inclusions including all types of solid inclusions and liquid phases during solidification. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are in good agreement with experimental data, which can be used to estimate inclusion formation in Ti-bearing steel.

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Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Size Distribution and Morphologies Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Al on Evolution of the Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Steel with Ca Treatment

Zhang

Duan

2019

Metals

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“…43,44) According to the previous researchers, Ti 3 O 5 was a stable deoxidized product in the present study. [43][44][45][46] To investigate the composition evolution of inclusions, the mass fraction of MnO, Ti 3 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, SiO 2 , and MgO of inclusions with various sizes are shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Characterization Of Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism of Oxide Inclusions in Cr–Mn–Ni Stainless Steel

Cheng

Li³

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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IntroductionNonmetallic inclusions have a significant effect on the final mechanical properties of steels. Most inclusions are detrimental to steel properties, [1][2][3][4][5] but beneficial effect of inclusions on phase transformation behavior has also been recognized and termed "oxide metallurgy". 6-8) Nonmetallic inclusions can affect the grain size by acting as intragranular nucleation sites for acicular ferrite, which can reduce the grain size and improve the physical properties of steel. 9-18) Thus, the final product quality can be improved by controlling the composition and size of the nonmetallic inclusions in steelmaking.Many scholars have studied the composition and size of oxide inclusions during the solidification of molten steel and the distribution characteristics of oxide inclusions in the solidification structure. Kiviö et al. 19) found that TiO 2 was first reduced to Ti 3 O 5 in C-Mn-Cr liquid steel at high temperatures and then to Ti 2 O 3 during cooling at around 1 573 K. Ohta H et al. 20) studied the effect of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , Ce 2 O 3 , and MgO particles on the precipitation of TiN in Fe-10 mass%Ni alloy during solidification and holding at 1 673 K. The number density of TiN + MgO particles was higher than that of TiN + M x O y (M = Al, Zr, or Ce) particles, whileThe evolution mechanism of oxide inclusions in Cr-Mn-Ni stainless steel was investigated by industrial trials and thermodynamic calculation. The morphology, composition, and size distribution of inclusions in steel specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. During the LF refining process, there were mainly liquid Ca-Si-Mg-Al-O inclusions in molten steel deoxidized with FeSi alloy. Combined with the Al-Si-O phase diagram, the specimen compositions were also located in the liquid oxide phase. At the same Al content, increasing Si content could make the steel compositions in the liquid oxide phase to avoid the formation of Al 2 O 3 . After continuous casting, the number density of Ca-Si-Mg-Al-O inclusions decreased to 1.81 mm − 2 . On the contrary, the number density of Mn-(Al-Ti)-O inclusions increased to 4.62 mm − 2 . The MnO contents of most Mn-(Al-Ti)-O inclusions were higher than 40%. The size of most Mn-(Al-Ti)-O inclusions was smaller than 3 μm. The formation of these inclusions was consistent with thermodynamic calculation, which indicated that Mn-Al-O and Mn-Ti-O inclusions were formed during the solidification of Cr-Mn-Ni stainless steel. The effects of different Al and Ti contents on the formation of oxide inclusions during continuous casting process were discussed.

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“…According to some previous research, the deoxidized product is usually Ti 3 O 5 at the common content of titanium and oxygen in steel refining process. [37][38][39] Thus, the phase diagram and liquid region of the Al 2 O 3 -Ti 3 O 5 -distributions of the inclusions in all samples are shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Morphologies and Eds Spectra Of The Typicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ti Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti–Ca Complex Deoxidized Steel

et al. 2017

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Experiments with different titanium addition were carried out in alumina crucible without slag at 1 873 K to investigate the variation of inclusion composition, size and morphology in Al-Ti-Ca complex deoxidized steel. The samples exacted from the experimental steels were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Titanium influence significantly on the morphology, size distribution and composition of oxide inclusions in Al-Ca deoxidized steels, and the inclusions characteristics vary with titanium content. Liquid oxide inclusions are promptly modified by titanium. On the other hand, titanium can also change solid calcium aluminate inclusions into spherical ones in the melts similarly, but there are a number of inhomogeneous inclusions in molten steel at the initial stage. Therefore, to modify inclusions better, the content of titanium and calcium in molten steel should be controlled simultaneously during the production process.

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Equilibrium between Ti and O in Molten Fe–Ni, Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–Ni Alloys Equilibrated with ‘Ti3O5’ Solid Solution

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Al on Evolution of the Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Steel with Ca Treatment

Influence of Al on Evolution of the Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Steel with Ca Treatment

Formation Mechanism of Oxide Inclusions in Cr–Mn–Ni Stainless Steel

Effect of Ti Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti–Ca Complex Deoxidized Steel

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