Equilibrium and non-equilibrium complex fragment emission in 50–100 MeV/u 139La + 12C reactions

Bowman, D. R.; Peaslee, Graham F.; Colonna, N.; Charity, R. J.; McMahan, M. A.; Delis, D.; Jing, K.; Wozniak, G. J.; Moretto, L. G.; Kehoe, W. L.; Libby, Bruce; Mignerey, A. C.; Moroni, A.; Angius, S.; Iori, I.; Pantaleo, A.; Guarino, G.

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(91)90010-4

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It remains to be investigated whether dynamical equilibrium is actually reached at the time of the IMF emission. In similar reactions at bombarding energies of 100 MeV per nucleoI~ and below, the angular distributions of the fragments in normal kinematics are forward peaked [17]. This indicates that equilibrium has not been reached.…”

Section: Transition From Evaporation To Total Disassemblymentioning

confidence: 96%

Fragmentation of gold projectiles: From evaporation to total disassembly

Hubele

Kreutz

Adloff³

et al. 1991

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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163

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We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, A1 and Cu at an incident energy of E/A = 600 MeV. The employed inverse kinematics allowed a nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with charge Z > 2. The recorded fragmentation events were sorted according to three observables, the multiplicity Mtp of light charged particles, the largest atomic number Zma x within an event, and a new observable, Zbound, representing the sum of the atomic numbers Z of all fragments with Z>__ 2. Using these observables, the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process was investigated. For all three targets, a maximum mean multiplicity of 3 to 4 intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The corresponding impact parameters range from central collisions for the C target to increasingly peripheral collisions for the heavier targets. It is found that the correlation between the IMF multiplicity and Zbouna, extending from evaporation type processes (large Zbouna) to the total disassembly of the projectile (small Zbound) , is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behaviour may suggest an -at least partial -equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay.

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Section: Transition From Evaporation To Total Disassemblymentioning

confidence: 96%

Fragmentation of gold projectiles: From evaporation to total disassembly

Hubele

Kreutz

Adloff³

et al. 1991

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

Self Cite

163

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“…In order to distinguish among different approaches and test their region of validity, we have applied the double ratio method, the classical and quantum fluctuation methods to analyze 'events' obtained from a commonly used statistical model dubbed as GEMINI [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Similar studies using the slope temperature have been reported in refs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for ground state density k 0 = 15 MeV. In order to take into account experimental observations, the parameter k 0 in the model is adjusted to a smaller value which could depend on excitation energy as well [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][48][49][50]. For our purposes we will use two fixed k 0 values of 7.3 MeV and 15 MeV since our goal is to test different methods to determine T and ρ from the model data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Density and temperature in heavy-ion collisions: A test of classical and quantum approaches

et al. 2014

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Different methods to extract the temperature and density in heavy ion collisions are compared using a statistical model tailored to reproduce many experimental features at low excitation energy. The model assumes a sequential decay of an excited nucleus and a Fermi gas entropy. We first generate statistical events as function of excitation energy but stopping the decay chain at the first step. In such a condition the 'exact' model temperature is determined from the Fermi gas relation to the excitation energy. From these events, using quantum and classical fluctuation methods for protons and neutrons, we derive temperature and density (quantum case only) of the system under consideration. Additionally, the same quantities are also extracted using the double ratio method for different particle combinations. A very good agreement between the "exact" temperatures and quantum fluctuation temperatures is obtained, the role of the density is discussed. Classical methods give a reasonable estimate of the temperature when the density is very low as expected. The effects of secondary decays of the excited fragments are discussed as well.

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“…This was accomplished by taking advantage of the two unused pin and socket connectors in the modular detector elements. In a 3x4 configuration these telescopes were used to study reactions with beams of 80-and 100-MeV/u 139La on 12C and 27 AI [17].…”

Section: Experimental Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative approach is to utilize reverse-kinematics reactions[l4] (heavy projectile impinging on a light target) to study the multifragment decay properties of hot nuclei [6,7,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%