Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

Abstract

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH 2 ), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (q max ) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.Processes 2019, 7, 757 2 of 17 to develop cost-effective treatment strategy for the contaminated waste-water prior to release into the environment.The elimination of organic contaminants from the waste-water effluents using various methods like physical (membrane filtration, adsorption, biosorption and solvent extraction), chemical-biological oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, microbial degradation, ion exchange resins, catalytic oxidation, advanced oxidation processes have been proposed in the recent literature [9][10][11][12]. Among these techniques, the biosorption using various agricultural wastes has been thoroughly investigated for the elimination of organic contaminants and heavy metals from the standpoint of cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly considerations [13][14][15][16][17]. Several studies proved biosorption is a simple yet effective method for the elimination of pollutants, in which the significant factor is the utilization of agricultural wastes. Many authors highlighted the fact that the biosorption of phenol and phenolic derivatives using lignocellulosic residues and agricultural by-products do not require recycling and regeneration studies due to their low-cost and abundant availability in nature [2,[18][19][20][21].Pine trees annually produce large amounts of pine cones as an agricultural waste. Each cone consists of an axis, which is composed of several woody scales arranged in a spiral fashion. These scales comprise of epidermal and a sclerenchyma cell, which is mainly composed of lignin, tannins, and rosin etc. besides cellulose and hemicelluloses in their cell wall structures [22]. Pine cone biomass have newly used for removing heavy metals, dyes, and phenols from aqueous media [23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, its use for removing chlorophenols from contaminated wastewater has not yet been reported in the literature.Despite being a co...

Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Design for Modeling the Competitive Biosorption of Pentachlorophenol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol to Canna indica L. in Aquaponia

“…The variation in the removal efficiency e s tablished that CiL-plant is tolerant in a solution of PCP, compared to TCP. This observation agrees with previous research works reported in the literature [8,30] and confirms the optimization report in section 3.1. The synergetic effect of initial concentration*contact time is illu s trated in the outline the contour plot in Figure 8 (c,d).…”

“…The output reduces efficiency from 75% to 63% for PCP and <65% for TCP, as indicated by the curvature of the blue contour gradient in Figure 8 (c,d) and corresponding 3D surfaces in Figure 3. This outcome indicates that the initial concentration has a ceiling effect on the driving force of CiLplant biosorption of PCP and TCP [30,31]. In contra s t, the contact time or exposure had a significant main effect on the phytoremediation process.…”

“…The removal rate increased significantly in a predominantly acidic medium transcending to 82% for PCP, and 85.7% for TCP at pH 4. The protonated chlorophenols were more absorbable [30], which accounted for the higher removal efficiency recorded for PCP and TCP at the lower pH value. The analysis of the significant impact of pH 4 on the treatment process confirmed that, irrespective of the pH window, the CiL-driven biosorption process favored TCP removal from an aqueous medium in an acidic medium compared to PCP at a p-value value of 0.0006 at 95% confidence interval.…”

“…The basic tendency of CiLplant-driven biosorption of PCP and TCP can be expressed from the plant's capability to drive the removal rate towards a dominantly acidic medium (pH 4) with no change in phase. The influence of the superior pH on the overall biosorption of PCP and TCP in aquaponia was attributed to the dissociation of mo s t chlorophenol in the form of a salt which loses its negative charge easily when pH is increased [30], thus making it difficult to be adsorbed. The variation in the removal efficiency e s tablished that CiL-plant is tolerant in a solution of PCP, compared to TCP.…”

Влияние Строения Пектиновых Веществ Льняных Кормовых Добавок На Абсорбционное Связывание Азагетероциклических Микотоксинов

“…Естественным регулятором этого процесса является степень диссоциации карбоксильных групп, которая, с одной стороны, определяет количество реакционноспособных группировок, а с другой стороны, влияет на плотность гидратной оболочки вокруг полимерной цепи. В связи с этим оптимум кислотности в процессах связывания катионных сорбатов у разных исследователей [78][79][80][81][82][83] сильно варьирует в зависимости от плотности заряда на поверхности сорбируемой частицы и вида пектинового субстрата.…”