“…The motion control of marine vehicles is divided into three main categories: trajectory tracking (Karnani et al, 2023;Qin et al, 2018;Dai et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2016), path following (Li et al, 2022;Jin et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2016;Xiang et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2016) and target tracking (Qian et al, 2023;Nosratollahi & Delalat, 2022;Qiao et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2020). Target tracking represents motion control scenarios in which no prior information is known about the target such as the predefined path (Breivik et al, 2008).…”