Equatorial scintillations: A review

The occurrence of equatorial spread-F at conjugate stations in Southeast Asia

“…The ESF phenomenon is frequently associated with the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) generated by the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability which is mainly caused by the pre-reversal electric field enhancement (PRE) as indicated by the uplift of the Flayer bottom side (Abdu et al, 2000). The around the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere influences the quality and performance of high frequency (HF) communication systems and the integrity of global positioning system (GPS) satellite accuracy since the radio signals are subject to fluctuation in phase and/or amplitude when they travel through the ionospheric irregularities resulting in scintillation phenomenon (Aarons, 1997). The ESF phenomenon has been widely studied by various techniques during the past three decades such as the ground-based ionosondes, the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR), the satellite borne topside sounder and in-situ measurements (Maruyama and Matuura, 1984;Mathews et al, 2001;Maruyama et al, 2007;Hoang et al, 2010).…”

Modelling of Equatorial Phase and Amplitude Scintillations From Ogo-6 and Ae Irregularity Data

“…Figure 6 shows that under magnetically active conditions, the occurrence of scintillation is greatly enhanced. The increase of scintillation with magnetic activity in the Huancayo sector during the J months has been documented before [41,30]. As mentioned earlier, the statistics of scintillations obtained from in-situ data during the midnight and postmidnight period for all magnetic conditions (Kp = 0-9) and shown in satellite.…”

Studies of Equatorial Scintillation Problems.

“…-5-- with the onset of scintillation on satellite radio signals [ Aarons , 1977;Basu and Basu , 1976]. They have also been found to be responsible for backscattering in transequatorial propagation [Röttger , 1976].…”