Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed at Dawn and After Sunrise Over South America During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm

Carmo, C. S.; Pi, Xiaoqing; Nardin, C. M. De; Figueiredo, C. A. O. B.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Picanço, Giórgio Arlan da Silva

doi:10.1029/2021ja029934

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Regarding the generation of near‐sunrise EPB during geomagnetic storms, previous studies suggested that the disturbance dynamo electric field or the prompt penetration of overshielding electric field associated with sudden northward turning of IMF B z could be the potential driving force (e.g., Carmo et al., 2022; Tulasi Ram et al., 2015). In the present study, whereas the solar wind speed still remained high toward the dawn sector, the variation of IMF B z was no longer as significant as that around sunset (Figures 8a and 8b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the generation of near-sunrise EPB during geomagnetic storms, previous studies suggested that the disturbance dynamo electric field or the prompt penetration of overshielding electric field associated with sudden northward turning of IMF B z could be the potential driving force (e.g., Carmo et al, 2022;Tulasi Ram et al, 2015).…”

Section: On the Possible Generation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such cases usually occurred during geomagnetic disturbed days. The complex variations of storm‐time electric field were often proposed to be responsible for the generation of these unexpected EPBs (Carmo et al., 2022; Sripathi et al., 2018; Tulasi Ram et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas previous studies have reported the occurrence of EPBs at unexpected time, for example, post‐midnight or even daytime, these EPBs were usually thought to be fossil bubbles that were initiated at post‐sunset and persisted a long time (e.g., Dao et al., 2017; Li et al., 2010; Otsuka, 2018; Xie et al., 2020; Zhan et al., 2018). Nevertheless, there are also some researches showing unusual generation and development of EPBs near sunrise (e.g., Carmo et al., 2022; Fukao et al., 2003; Huang et al., 2021; Luo et al., 2020; Otsuka et al., 2021; Sripathi et al., 2018; Tulasi Ram et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2020). Such cases usually occurred during geomagnetic disturbed days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionospheric Super Bubbles Near Sunset and Sunrise During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Sun,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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Ionospheric equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are usually generated around sunset over equatorial to low latitudes. In this study, super EPBs extending to middle latitudes were observed, which were freshly generated at both post‐sunset and near‐sunrise periods over East/Southeast Asia during the geomagnetic storm on 26–28 February 2023. The post‐sunset (near‐sunrise) EPB persisted ∼4 (8) hours, drifting eastward (westward) and extending up to ∼35°N. Strong L‐band scintillations, deep total electron content (TEC) depletions and significant positioning errors were caused by the post‐sunset EPB. However, the scintillations and TEC depletions linked with the near‐sunrise EPB were relatively weaker, and no apparent positioning error was caused. Before the onsets of the post‐sunset EPBs, rapid upward vertical plasma drifts of ∼60 m/s, which could be linked with storm‐time prompt penetration electric fields, were observed at magnetic equator. The upward vertical drifts could amplify the F‐region bottomside perturbation via increasing the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability and lead to the generation of post‐sunset EPBs. On the other hand, before the onset of near‐sunrise EPBs, the uplift of F layer was more significant at higher latitudes than that at magnetic equator, probably indicating the presence of equatorward neutral wind. Both the equatorial F layer uplift and equatorward neutral wind could contribute to the growth of R‐T instability and favor the generation of near‐sunrise EPBs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On the Possible Generation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionospheric Super Bubbles Near Sunset and Sunrise During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Sun,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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“…Several studies suggested that the EPBs observed at dawn or post-sunrise periods are the remnant of post-sunset EPBs [18][19][20]. Contrary to this, it is also reported that the pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) of the ionospheric F layer peak under the influence of nighttime eastward DDEF triggered the generation/enhancement of irregularities [12,[21][22][23]. The ionospheric irregularities (or EPBs/ESF) during geomagnetic storms cause massive phase fluctuations and amplitude scintillations impacting satellite signals [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Instrument Observation of the Ionospheric Irregularities and Disturbances during the 23–24 March 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Tahir,

Wu,

Shah

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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This work investigates the ionospheric response to the March 2023 geomagnetic storm over American and Asian sectors from total electron content (TEC), rate of TEC index, ionospheric heights, Swarm plasma density, radio occultation profiles of Formosat-7/Cosmic-2 (F7/C2), Fabry-Perot interferometer driven neutral winds, and E region electric field. During the storm’s main phase, post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) extend to higher latitudes in the western American longitudes, showing significant longitudinal differences in the American sector. Over the Indian longitudes, suppression of post-sunset irregularities is observed, attributed to the westward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). At the early recovery phase, the presence of post-midnight/near-sunrise EPBs till post-sunrise hours in the American sector is associated with the disturbance of dynamo-electric fields (DDEF). Additionally, a strong consistency between F7/C2 derived amplitude scintillation (S4) ≥ 0.5 and EPB occurrences is observed. Furthermore, a strong eastward electric field induced an increase in daytime TEC beyond the equatorial ionization anomaly crest in the American region, which occurred during the storm’s main phase. Both the Asian and American sectors exhibit negative ionospheric storms and inhibition of ionospheric irregularities at the recovery phase, which is dominated by the disturbance dynamo effect due to equatorward neutral winds. A slight increase in TEC in the Asian sector during the recovery phase could be explained by the combined effect of DDEF and thermospheric composition change. Overall, storm-time ionospheric variations are controlled by the combined effects of PPEF and DDEF. This study may further contribute to understanding the ionospheric responses under the influence of storm-phase and LT-dependent electric fields.

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Equatorial plasma bubbles features over the Brazilian sector according to the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity level

Carmo,

Dai,

Denardini

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) can lead to signal degradation, affecting the measurement accuracy. Studying EPBs and their characteristics has gained increasing importance. The characteristics of EPBs were investigated using the rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) maps under different solar and magnetic activity conditions during two periods: July 2014–July 2015 (solar maximum activity with F10.7: 145.9 × 10−22 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1) and July 2019–July 2020 (solar minimum activity with F10.7: 69.7 × 10−22 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1). We also divided this analysis according to the magnetic activity levels based on Kp and Dst (disturbance storm time) indices, classified as follows: quiet+ (Kp ≤3 and Dst >−30 nT), quiet− (Kp ≤3 and Dst <−30 nT), disturbed weak (−50 nT <Dst ≤−30 nT), moderate (−100 nT <Dst ≤−50 nT), and intense (Dst ≤−100 nT). The ROTI is calculated using the slant TEC with the carrier phase, and its keograms are used to extract the zonal velocity and distance. Our statistical investigation shows the occurrence rate, duration, zonal drift velocity, and inter-bubble zonal distance of EPBs over the Brazilian sector. The latitudinal extension and zonal drift velocity of EPBs are higher during the solar maximum than those in the solar minimum. In addition, EPBs are found with unusually long durations, remaining until the morning (∼12 UT), and 10% of EPB observations occurred on the winter solstice.

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Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed at Dawn and After Sunrise Over South America During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

Ionospheric Super Bubbles Near Sunset and Sunrise During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Ionospheric Super Bubbles Near Sunset and Sunrise During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Multi-Instrument Observation of the Ionospheric Irregularities and Disturbances during the 23–24 March 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Equatorial plasma bubbles features over the Brazilian sector according to the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity level

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