Equation of State of Ammonium Nitrate

Robbins, David; Sheffield, S. A.; Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Velisavljevic, Nenad; Stahl, D.

doi:10.1063/1.3295198

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We used the thermodynamically consistent Mie-Grüneisen equation of state based on the concept of the thermodynamic potential: the Helmholtz free energy F (T, V ) in the form (1) proposed by Hayes [14], the simplest caloric equation of state, and the Murnaghan relation (2). This model is widely used to construct the equations of state for a number of powerful explosives: HNS, PBX-9404, HMX, PBX-9502, and the components of the ANFO composite explosive: compressed ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel [14][15][16][17][18]. We write the following equations:…”

Section: Equation Of State Of the Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock compression of an emulsion matrix at pressures up to 37 GPa

Сильвестров

Yunoshev

Пластинин

et al. 2014

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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This paper presents an experimental study of the shock compression of an emulsion matrix based on an aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrates at pressures up to 37 GPa, which is significantly higher than the calculated detonation pressure. The data obtained were used to determine the parameters of the Hayes equation of state and calculate the shock heating temperature of the matrix. At a pressure of more than 17 GPa, the input pressure profiles shows a rise associated with the chemical transformation of the emulsion.

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Section: Equation Of State Of the Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock compression of an emulsion matrix at pressures up to 37 GPa

Сильвестров

Yunoshev

Пластинин

et al. 2014

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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“…To validate the overall computational approach of using ReaxFF to describe the shock properties of pure AN and ANFO mixtures, the shock velocity-particle velocity (U S -U P ) Hugoniot states from NEMD and MSST are compared with that from available experiments [10][11][12][13]. Plotted in figures 2a, 2b, and 2c are U S -U P Hugoniot states of pure AN, layered ANFO, and mixed ANFO mixtures, respectively.…”

Section: Hugoniot States Of Pure An and Layered/mixed Anfomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experimental studies using polycrystalline, granular samples [10][11][12][13] have been reported pertaining to the static and dynamic loading of AN. Shock Hugoniot states expressed in the form of a linear relationship between shock velocity U S and particle velocity U P have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive atomistic simulations of shock-induced initiation processes in mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil

Thompson

Shan

2014

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is a commonly used blasting agent. In this paper we investigated the shock properties of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and two different mixtures of ammonium nitrate and n-dodecane by characterizing their Hugoniot states. We simulated shock compression of pure AN and ANFO mixtures using the Multi-scale Shock Technique, and observed differences in chemical reaction. We also performed a large-scale explicit sub-threshold shock of AN crystal with a 10 nm void filled with 4.4 wt% of n-dodecane. We observed the formation of hotspots and enhanced reactivity at the interface region between AN and n-dodecane molecules.

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim and Yoh[ 13] investigated size effect and copper-confined ANFO using an Eulerian method. Besides these continuum models for the mixtures, the purea mmonium nitrate is also an interest in atomistic-level studies,i ncluding mechanicalp roperties [14] and equations of state [15,16].The SPH method was first proposed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy [17, 18] to study astrophysics. Afterwards, due to the advantages of SPH method in tracking moving interfaces and dealingw ith large deformation,i th as been applied to solve fluid dynamic problems and beyond, explosion, andh ypervelocity impact problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method with Reactive Flow Model for the Simulation of ANFO

Wang

Liu

Peng

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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] 1IntroductionANFO is an explosivem ixture of ammonium nitrate (AN, 94 wt-%) and fuel oil (FO, 6wt-%) withadensity of 800 to 1000 kg m À3.I ti sk nowna sh ighly non-ideal, high-porosity and low-densitye xplosive, where the fuel and oxidizer are not mixed at the molecularl evel [1,2].D ifferingf rom other explosives such as TNT,i te xhibits special characteristics such as low detonationv elocity,l ong reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters.The characteristics of ANFO have been studied al ot by many researchers throughe xperiments [3,4] and theoretical studies [5].C atanach,H ill, and Davis conducted series of experiments on diameter effect of ANFO, and measured the curvature of detonationf ront using ANFO cylinders [3,4].B dzil and Aslam proposed DetonationS hock Dynamics (DSD) theory that the velocity of detonationn ormal to the shock is solely af unction of the shock curvature, and incorporated the modeli nt heir code [5].F or the numerical modellingo fn on-ideal explosives, Borg and Jones investigated projectile impact experiments using af ire reaction rate model [6].K apila,S chwendeman, and Bdzil described the Ignition-and-Growth model in af inite-volumem ethod and applied the modeli ns imulation of LX-17 [7,8].S ouers described as implifiedr eactive flow model (JWL ++model) and applied the model in the study of size effect of ANFO K1 [9].T arver and McGuire applied Ignition-and-Growth model in the investigation of detonation waveso fc onfined high explosiveL X-17,P BX 9502, and EDC-35 [10].G arcia and Ta rver further describeda3D Ignition-and-Growth reactive flow model of PBX 9502 and compared simulation with experiment [11].G uilkey,H arman et al. described a3 DE ulerian-Lagrangian approach and applied it in the simulation of size effect and copper-confined explosiono fA NFO [12]. Kim and Yoh[ 13] investigated size effect and copper-confined ANFO using an Eulerian method. Besides these continuum models for the mixtures, the purea mmonium nitrate is also an interest in atomistic-level studies,i ncluding mechanicalp roperties [14] and equations of state [15,16].The SPH method was first proposed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy [17, 18] to study astrophysics. Afterwards, due to the advantages of SPH method in tracking moving interfaces and dealingw ith large deformation,i th as been applied to solve fluid dynamic problems and beyond, explosion, andh ypervelocity impact problems. Liu,L iu et al. [19][20][21][22][23]i nvestigated the feasibility of using SPH to simulate explosion of high explosive, underwater explosion, shaped charge detonation, and so on. In this paper,t he SPH method has been applied in the simulation of detonation of 3D ANFO cylinders, where heterogeneous materials and their interaction, phase transformation, large deformation Abstract:A NFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is aw idely used bulk industrial explosive mixture that is considered to be highly "non-ideal" with long reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters. Thus,i ts detonation ...

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Equation of State of Ammonium Nitrate

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Shock compression of an emulsion matrix at pressures up to 37 GPa

Shock compression of an emulsion matrix at pressures up to 37 GPa

Reactive atomistic simulations of shock-induced initiation processes in mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil

A 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method with Reactive Flow Model for the Simulation of ANFO

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