Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions

Abstract

We construct the QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials including net baryon, electric charge, and strangeness based on the results of lattice QCD simulations and the hadron resonance gas model. The situation of strangeness neutrality and a fixed charge-to-baryon ratio, which resembles that of heavy nuclei, is considered for the application to relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This increases the values of baryon chemical potential compared to the case of vanishing strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials, modifying the fireball trajectory in the phase diagram. We perform viscous hydrodynamic simulations and demonstrate the importance of multiple chemical potentials for identified particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and SPS beam energy scan energies.

Centrality Dependence of Deuteron Production in PbPb Collisions at 2.76 TeV via Hydrodynamics and Hadronic Afterburner

“…The equation of state combined with hydrodynamic equations is a lattice QCD based "NEOS-BSQ" equation of state p = p( , n B ) described in Ref. [24]. Shear viscous corrections are included with a specific shear viscosity ηT /(e + P ) = 0.1, while bulk viscous corrections and baryon number diffusion are neglected.…”

Effects of dissipative baryon current in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BES energies

“…To close the hydrodynamic equations, we use the NEOSB equation of state [8], which combines the lattice QCD simulation at the high temperature and hadron gas at lower temperature via a smooth crossover transition. For the initial condition, we utilize the averaged Monte-Carlo Glauber model.…”

Effects of the QCD phase transition on hadronic observables in relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion reactions in the FAIR/NICA energy regime

“…At high energies, i.e. for systems with (nearly) vanishing net-baryon density the EoS can be obtained from fits to lattice QCD calculations [37,38], at low energies with high baryo-chemical potentials lattice QCD calculations can unfortunately not provide ab-initio results for the EoS and one has to rely on phenomenological approaches that converge to lattice QCD results in certain limits. For the present study, different equations of state have been assumed: The hadron gas is an ideal relativistic quantumgas of known baryon and meson resonances up to ≈ 2 GeV.…”