Equation Environment Coupling and Interference on the Electric-Field Intrabody Communication Channel

Xu, Ruoyu; Ng, Wai Chiu; Zhu, Hongjie; Shan, Hengying; Yuan, Jie

doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2197212

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Modeling such properties is important for intrabody communications [74,228,235], and for exploiting the transmit and receive modes. Equivalent circuit models can quickly become more complex when environmental effects, such as grounding [34] or wet skin [227] are considered.…”

Section: Modeling and Physical Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Common Ground

Große-Puppendahl

Holz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For more than two decades, capacitive sensing has played a prominent role in human-computer interaction research. Capacitive sensing has become ubiquitous on mobile, wearable, and stationary devices-enabling fundamentally new interaction techniques on, above, and around them. The research community has also enabled human position estimation and whole-body gestural interaction in instrumented environments. However, the broad field of capacitive sensing research has become fragmented by different approaches and terminology used across the various domains. This paper strives to unify the field by advocating consistent terminology and proposing a new taxonomy to classify capacitive sensing approaches. Our extensive survey provides an analysis and review of past research and identifies challenges for future work. We aim to create a common understanding within the field of human-computer interaction, for researchers and practitioners alike, and to stimulate and facilitate future research in capacitive sensing.

show abstract

Section: Modeling and Physical Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Common Ground

Große-Puppendahl

Holz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…N. Haga et al [13] proposed a theory of the equivalent circuit for lossy conductors and addressed the physical mechanism of the communication channels as well. In China, Ruoyu Xu et al [14] established an electric-field IBC model based on a finite element method (FEM) model, and studied environmental effects on the electric-field intra-body communication channel. Wang Hao et al [15] designed a high-speed IBC receiver, which concentrated on high data speed, 2.5 and 5 Mbit/s, extremely long transmission distances, 170 cm, and applied on an FPGA-based audio player.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel modeling and power consumption analysis for galvanic coupling intra-body communication

Gao

Vai³

et al. 2016

J Wireless Com Network

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intra-body communication (IBC), using the human body as the channel to transmit data, has lower power consumption, less radiation, and easier linking than common wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and ANT + . As a result, IBC is greatly suitable for body area network (BAN) applications, such as the medical and health care field. Furthermore, IBC can be implemented in wearable devices, including smart watches, sports bracelets, somatic game devices, and multimedia devices. However, due to the limited battery capacity of sensor nodes in a BAN, especially implanted sensor nodes, it is not convenient to charge or change the batteries. Thus, the energy effectiveness of the media access control (MAC) layer strongly affects the life span of the nodes and of the entire system. Certainly, analyzing MAC layer performance in a galvanic coupling IBC is of great importance for the overall system. To obtain the attenuation properties of IBC, in vivo experiments with seven volunteers were performed. Meanwhile, an equalizer was used to compensate the frequency distortion in consideration of frequency-selective fading characteristics of intra-body channels. In addition, a comparison of the bit error rates (BER) of different modulation methods was carried out to obtain the best modulation method. Then, the attenuation characteristics of intra-body channels were applied in a multi-node physiological signal monitor and transmission system. Finally, TDMA and CSMA/CA protocols were introduced to calculate the bit energy consumption of IBC in the practical scenario. With stable characteristics of the intra-body channels, QPSK with an equalizer had a better performance than the tests without an equalizer. As a result, the modulation method of FSK could achieve a lower BER in lower signal-to-noise ratio situations and an FSK method with TDMA for the IBC had the lowest energy consumption under different practical scenarios.

show abstract

“…Some texts in the literature refer galvanic coupling as waveguide intra body communication (IBC) and capacitive coupling as electric field (EF) IBC [30,42]. The author recognizes two different electrode configurations; co-planar horizontal which is used in galvanic coupling and overlapping vertical which is used in capacitive coupling.…”

Section: Capacitive Vs Galvanic Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruoyu Xu analytical model [42] is based on a simplified voltage divider rule to determine the received voltage V RX from transmitted voltage V T X , transmitter output impedance Z T X , receiver input impedance Z RX , retun path impedance Z return and body impedance Z body . It is given by (3.3).…”

Section: Ruoyu Xu Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

Kazim

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Capacitive body coupled communication (BCC), frequency range 500 kHz to 15 MHz 1 , is considered an emerging alternate short range wireless technology which can meet the stringent low power consumption (< 1 mW) 2 and low data rate (< 100 kbps) 3 requirements for the next generation of connected devices for applications like internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless sensor network (WSN). But a reliable solution for this mode of communication covering all possible body positions and maximum communication distances around the human body could not be presented so far, despite its inception around 20 years back in 1995. The uncertainties/errors associated with experimental measurement setup create ambiguity about the measured propagation loss or transmission errors. The reason is the usage of either earth grounded lab instruments or the direct coupling of earth ground with transmitter/receiver or the analog front end cut-off frequency limitations in a few MHz region or the balun to provide isolation or the measurements on simplified homogeneous biological phantoms. Another source of ambiguity in the experimental measurements is attributed to the natural variations in human tissue electrophysiological properties from person to person which are also affected by physical factors like age, gender, number of cells at different body locations and humidity. The analytical models presented in the literature are also oversimplified which do not predict the true propagation loss for capacitive BCC channel.An attempt is being made to understand and demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the physical phenomenon of signal transmission and propagation characteristics e.g., path loss in complex scenarios for capacitive BCC channel by both the experimental observations/measurements and simulation models in this PhD dissertation. An alternate system design simulation methodology has been proposed which estimates the realistic path loss even for longer communication distances > 50 cm for capacitive BCC channel. The proposed simulation methodology allows to vary human tissue dielectric/thickness properties and easily integrates with the circuit simulators as the output is in the form of S-parameters. The advantage is that the capacitive BCC channel characteristics e.g., signal attenuation as a function of different physical factors could be readily simulated at the circuit level to choose appropriate circuit topology and define suitable system specifications. This simulation methodology is based on full-wave electromagnetic analysis and 3D modeling of human body and environment using their conductivity, permittivity, and tangent loss profile to estimate the realistic propagation loss or path loss due to their combined interaction with the electrode coupler for capacitive BCC channel. This methodology estimates the complex path impedance from transmitter to receiver which is important to determine the matching requirements for maximum power transfer. The simulation methodology also contributes towards better understanding of...

show abstract

Equation Environment Coupling and Interference on the Electric-Field Intrabody Communication Channel

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Finding Common Ground

Finding Common Ground

Channel modeling and power consumption analysis for galvanic coupling intra-body communication

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About