Equality To Second Class: India’s Governance of its Muslim Minority

Abstract

This edition of the Constitution of India reproduces the text of the Constitution of India as amended by Parliament from time to time. All amendments made by Parliament up to and including the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019 are incorporated in this edition. The foot notes below the text indicate the Constitution Amendment Acts by which such amendments have been made. The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 has been provided in APPENDIX -I for reference.The text of the constitutional amendments relating to the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 and the Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003, which have not yet come into force, have been provided in the text at the appropriate places or otherwise in the footnote. The text of these amendments have been provided in APPENDIX-II and APPENDIX -III for reference.The Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015 containing details of acquired and transferred territories between the Governments of India and Bangladesh has been provided in APPENDIX -IV.