Equality Constitutional Adjudication in South Africa

Smith, Anne

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2692091

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…31 The findings of our research confirm the harmful social norms and the acceptance of the male’s dominant role in our society that perpetuates gender inequality to the detriment of females. 32 Although the South African Constitution entrenches gender equality, 33 these negative harmful norms are upheld by society and place young girls in a subservient role and at risk of unplanned pregnancy, 4 HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. 4 Males are socialised in an environment that promotes early sexual initiation and multiple sexual partners, whilst females are socialised to be submissive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the socio-ecological levels for prevention of sexual risk behaviours of the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Khuzwayo

Taylor

2018

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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BackgroundPrevention of youth sexual risk behaviour among the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality continues to be a primary challenge for public health and health promotion. Current prevention interventions are targeted at an individual level, whilst youth behaviour is influenced by many social and environmental factors.AimThe aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing sexual risk behaviours of the youth at different socio-ecological levels in uMgungundlovu District Municipality.MethodsAn explorative and descriptive qualitative study design was used, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions for data collection. A framework analysis was used to develop themes derived from the socio-ecological theory.ResultsFour themes were identified that influence youth to engage in sexual risk behaviours: (1) individual factors, related to role modelling behaviour, gender and negative stereotypes towards females; (2) the microsystem in which youth function including the influence of family and peers; (3) the exo-system comprising the disadvantaged socio-economic status of the communities where the youth live; and (4) the macrosystem where negative social norms were reported to influence youth health outcomes.ConclusionSexual risk behaviour among youth in uMgungundlovu is influenced by many factors at multiple social levels. Interventions directed at these multiple levels are needed urgently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the socio-ecological levels for prevention of sexual risk behaviours of the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Khuzwayo

Taylor

2018

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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“…A review of literature on the right to equality shows that the earliest conceptions of equality are generally traced back to Aristotle who posited the view that like should be treated as alike and unlike cases differently. 37 This view of equality known as formal equality is based on the view that fairness arises from equal treatment rendered on the basis of similarities in determined characteristics. What formal equality calls for is that laws and policies apply to everyone in the same way.…”

Section: Equality and Non-discrimination And Their Relevance To Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of substantive equality in the African regional human rights system’s jurisprudence to women’s land and property rights

Chekera-Radu¹

2022

AHRY

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Over the last 15 years there have been concerted efforts to put in place frameworks on the protection of women’s land and property rights both at the international and domestic levels. Despite the proliferation of these instruments and their supposed recognition across the African continent, the actual realisation and enjoyment of these rights by women is still scant. Systemic and systematic violations of women’s rights persist. Such a state of affairs where the recognition of WLPR exists alongside violations of the protected rights points to the widely accepted fact that the realisation of WLPR cannot solely be achieved through the enactment of laws and policies that address the direct discrimination. From a legal perspective, there is need for jurisprudence that comprehensively outlines the content of rights and state obligations. In order to be fully conscious of the various limitations and challenges that exist towards the realisation of WLPR, bodies of the African human rights system have to use a substantive lens to interpret and apply equality and non-discrimination in such cases. That way the rights of women to land and property on the African continent may be guaranteed and protected. TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANÇAIS: La pertinence de l’égalité réelle dans la jurisprudence du système régional africain des droits de l’homme pour les droits fonciers et de propriété des femmes RÉSUMÉ: Au cours des 15 dernières années, des efforts concertés ont été déployés pour mettre en place des cadres nationaux et internationaux relatifs à la protection des droits fonciers et de propriété des femmes. Malgré la prolifération de ces instruments et leur supposée reconnaissance à travers le continent africain, la réalisation et la jouissance réelles de ces droits par les femmes sont encore rares. Les violations systémiques et systématiques des droits des femmes persistent. Un tel état de choses, où la reconnaissance des droits fonciers et de propriété des femmes existe en même temps que les violations des droits protégés, indique que la réalisation de ces droits ne peut être atteinte par la seule promulgation de lois et politiques traitant de la discrimination directe. D’un point de vue juridique, il y a un besoin de jurisprudence qui définit globalement le contenu des droits et des obligations de l’Etat. Afin d’être pleinement conscients des différents limites et défis existant quant à la réalisation des droits fonciers et de propriété des femmes, les organes du système africain des droits de l’homme doivent adopter une approche basée sur la réalité pour interpréter et appliquer l’égalité et la non-discrimination dans de tels cas. Ainsi, les droits fonciers et de propriété des femmes sur le continent africain pourraient être garantis et protégés.

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“…Affirmative action is not new to both international human rights law and domestic law in South Africa. It connotes special measures, often discriminatory, aimed at guaranteeing rights to communities and peoples who have suffered historic injustices to put them at an equal standing with other parts of the populations [59,60]. In explaining affirmative action, scholarship distinguishes between formal and substantive forms of equality.…”

Section: Affirmative Action and Principles Of Equality And Non-discriminations' Access To Sufficient Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In explaining affirmative action, scholarship distinguishes between formal and substantive forms of equality. Formal equality or equality require that similar cases be consistently treated the same and that people should not be treated differently because of characteristics such as religion, race or age or similar conditions [60]. Finley states that formal equality 'marginalizes, disempowers, and renders invisible those such as women, who have seemed the most unlikely to ever melt into the white male model of homogeneity.'…”

Section: Affirmative Action and Principles Of Equality And Non-discriminations' Access To Sufficient Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Water ‘Apartheid’ and the Significance of Human Rights Principles of Affirmative Action in South Africa

Jegede

Shikwambane

2021

Water

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Water is an essential necessity for human beings; however, South Africa has a long history of inequalities dating back to apartheid politics and legislation which denied access to water to disadvantaged black populations mostly residing in rural areas. Although apartheid has officially ended, whether the lack of access to water by such populations who still cannot afford it exists and aligns with international human rights principles of equality and non-discrimination merits an examination. To redress the injustices of the apartheid regime, the right to have access to sufficient water is entrenched in section 27(1)(b) of the 1996 South African Constitution. In addition to embracing equality and non-discrimination, the Constitution informs other instruments and measures such as free basic water policy and pre-paid meters meant to ensure access to water. However, the plight of these populations persists in post-apartheid South Africa, but it is rarely a subject of academic scrutiny how the notion of affirmative action as grounded in the principles of equality and non-discrimination under human rights law can be deployed as a response. Using a doctrinal research approach, this article argues that the continuing struggle of disadvantaged communities with access to water does not only constitute water apartheid, it negates the human rights principles of equality and non-discrimination. The principle of affirmative action is useful in responding to inadequate access to sufficient water by disadvantaged populations in post-apartheid South Africa.

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Equality Constitutional Adjudication in South Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Exploring the socio-ecological levels for prevention of sexual risk behaviours of the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

Exploring the socio-ecological levels for prevention of sexual risk behaviours of the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal

The relevance of substantive equality in the African regional human rights system’s jurisprudence to women’s land and property rights

Water ‘Apartheid’ and the Significance of Human Rights Principles of Affirmative Action in South Africa

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