In two recent cases, the United States Supreme Court addressed the authority of public secondary schools to exercise control over student publication in the school newspaper and student meetings on school premises. The Court ruled for substantial school authority with respect to the content of the school newspaper but upheld students’ right of equal access with respect to student meetings. These two decisions reflect inconsistent assumptions about the intellectual competence of adolescents. Moreover, such inconsistencies are common far beyond the American legal context. A more consistent approach would be based on either (a) a rebuttable presumption of adolescent immaturity, or (b) a rebuttable presumption of adolescent maturity. Current psychological evidence is more consistent with the latter presumption. The analysis is extended to (a) the general issue of intellectual freedom in public secondary schools, (b) broader issues of governmental contraints on adolescents, and (c) family issues.