EQCM study of the ion exchange behaviour of polypyrrole with different counterions in different electrolytes

Weidlich, Claudia; Mangold, Klaus‐Michael; Jüttner, K.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.032

Cited by 192 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…12,13 PPy with small incorporated counterions, e.g., chloride (Cl À ), nitrate (NO 3 À ), perchlorate (ClO 4 À ), and sulfate (SO 4 2À ), mainly exhibits anion exchange behavior due to the high mobility of these ions in the polymer matrix. 2,4,6,8,10 However, under certain conditions, cation exchange also occurs in some systems. 12 Cation exchange is found to take place primarily on PPy modified with large and bulky shaped anions, e.g., dodecyl sulfonate (DS À ), dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS À ), polyvinylsulfonate (PVS n À ), and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS n À ), due to the immobility of these ions in the PPy chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been found that the ion exchange ability of PPy depends on the polymerization conditions, [1][2][3][4] the solvent and solution, [3][4][5] the type and size of dopant counterions, 4,[6][7][8] the valence and size of the ions present in the electrolyte solution, [8][9][10] the temperature, 11 and the film thickness. 12,13 PPy with small incorporated counterions, e.g., chloride (Cl À ), nitrate (NO 3 À ), perchlorate (ClO 4 À ), and sulfate (SO 4 2À ), mainly exhibits anion exchange behavior due to the high mobility of these ions in the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Qiu

Guo

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with a variety of dopants (A), namely chloride, nitrate, para-toluene sulfonate (pTS À ), and dodecyl sulfonate (DS À ), was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in NaCl, NapTS, and AlCl 3 aqueous solutions. The results show that PPy/pTS and PPy/DS films had the best anion and cation exchange ability, respectively. However, the ion exchange ability evaluated by CV charge cannot describe the exact amount of exchanged ions. For that reason, a new ion exchange experiment was designed to evaluate the amount of ions removed from NaCl aqueous solution to AlCl 3 or NapTS aqueous solution. In addition, the ion exchange ratio is defined as the ratio of the charge associated with ion ejection to the synthesis charge, and can be conveniently converted to operating exchange capability (OEC). The ion exchange ratio and OEC can be used to characterize and evaluate the ion exchange ability of PPy/A films in different conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Qiu

Guo

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves at different scan rates and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) Figure S4a, Supporting Information, the reversible cathodic and anodic peaks at -0.5 and -0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl indicate a pseudocapacitive performance of the S-TP electrodes, suggesting that the cation (Na + ) exchange occurs in PPy modifi ed with large counterions (dodecyl sulfate; DS − ) at negative potentials. [ 21,28 ] The specifi c volumetric capacitance (C sp ) of the electrodes was calculated using their CV curves from 5 to 100 mV s −1 scan rates (Figure 2 b). It was found that the S-TP50 has the highest specifi c volumetric capacitance (205 F cm −3 at 5 mV s −1 scan rate) in the three-electrode cell.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201400053mentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Energy‐Density Asymmetric Microsupercapacitor for Integrated Energy Systems

Wang

Zhan

Cheng

et al. 2015

Adv Elect Materials

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pseudocapacitors have been explored quite extensively to meet the growing demand for fl exible and wearable electronics. [ 14,15 ] Redox materials, [ 10,14,16 ] such as MnO 2 , [ 17 ] Co 3 O 4 , [ 18 ] poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), [ 12,13 ] MoS 2 , [ 14,19 ] etc., have been used to enhance the electrochemical performance. However, it is still a major challenge to simultaneously realize the delivery of high energy density at high power density and the supply of a wide potential window in symmetric pseudocapacitors. Therefore, the discovery of new asymmetric micro-pseudocapacitors [ 18,20 ] that demonstrate enhanced energy-supply performance and increased energy density without sacrifi cing high power density is much needed and vital for satisfying the demands that are crucial for developing practical applications. Furthermore, designing planar-type micro-SCs makes their integration into a circuit possible so that both the output operating voltage and total energy density can be controlled by the circuit design.Herein, we describe tough and fl exible yarns of carbon fi bers (CFs) with smaller diameters (≈50 µm) for asymmetric micro-pseudocapacitors that provide a wide potential window and high energy density and power density based on the total cell volume. The micrometer-sized carbon fi bers, which are obtained through mechanical extraction from commercial CFs, are coated with uniform WO 3 nanowires (NWs). The hierarchical architecture based on V 2 O 5 and polypyrrole (PPy) ultrathin fi lms fabricated on the WO 3 -coated carbon fi bers acts as positive and negative electrode, respectively. The ultrahigh energy density of the asymmetric micro-SC is about three times higher than the highest value of 4 V/500 µAh thin-fi lm lithium battery. Signifi cantly, the as-assembled integrated system featured improved energy storage and power delivery without compromising cyclability and tenacity.The micrometer-sized carbon fi bers (micro-CFs) with a diameter of only ≈50 µm are mechanically extracted from the commercial CFs (diameter of 800 µm). These micro-CFs demonstrate excellent strength, stiffness, and light weight ( Figure 1 a,b and Figure S1a and S1b, Supporting Information). In one of our previous studies, [ 21 ] we showed that uniform WO 3 NWs grown on micro-CFs (without sacrifi cing the properties of the CFs) are essential for fabricating a hierarchical architecture and enhancing the availability factor of active materials. The micro-CFs with a diameter of ≈70 µm remain stretchable and knottable after coating with WO 3 NWs (Figure 1 c). They can be bent into different shapes without any damage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images in Figure 1 d and Figure S1c and S1d, Supporting Information show vertical WO 3 NWs arrays with a length of ≈20 µm on the CFs. The high mechanical strength and fl exibility of the micro-CFs enables the fabrication The ongoing demand for miniaturized electronics has recently promoted the development of energy storage devices with large capacitance and volumetric energy dens...

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“…Since the PSS sulfonate groups are irreversibly incorporated in the polymer matrix, the films behave as redox cation exchangers. The cation influx into and efflux from the films have been studied previously using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance 36,37 and rotating ring disk electrode, 38 while electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis measurements showed that the cations are present only on the surface of the reduced form of the film.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Deposition of Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures of Copper Hydroxysulfates on Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Sulfonate Films

et al. 2011

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Copper-based hierarchical micro/nanostructures were prepared using a novel electrochemical route on polypyrrole−polystyrene sulfonate (PPy−PSS) thin films. The resulting structures are composed of copper hydroxysulfates, as confirmed by the electrochemical, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction characterization. The electrochemistry of the film is a key factor in the overall deposition of the micro/nanostructures. The PPy−PSS films capture cations from the copper sulfate electrolyte solution and facilitate the reduction of dissolved oxygen to hydroxide ions. The system then acts like a nanoreactor as the Cu2+ and OH− ions are concentrated on the polymer surface, which in the presence of the SO4 2− ions from the electrolyte solution results in the electrocrystallization of the copper hydroxysulfates hierarchical structures.

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EQCM study of the ion exchange behaviour of polypyrrole with different counterions in different electrolytes

Cited by 192 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

A High‐Energy‐Density Asymmetric Microsupercapacitor for Integrated Energy Systems

Electrochemical Deposition of Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures of Copper Hydroxysulfates on Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Sulfonate Films

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