Epstein‐Barr virus strain characterization

Munch, Mette

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01367.x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…43 However, to date there are no in vivo data indicating that 30 bp deletion mutants show altered function when compared with EBV strains without the 30 bp deletion. [44][45][46][47] In mainland Japan, Mori et al also reported the 30 bp deletion of the LMP-1 gene in 91.7% of EBV related gastric carcinoma and 83.3% of throat washings from healthy adults. 48 In our present study, the LMP-1 genes of the type A virus from the mainland all showed the 30 bp deletion and in Okinawa the 30 bp deletion was seen in 97.0% of the EBV type A infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype in EBV related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, compared with Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in mainland Japan

Higa

Kinjo

Kamiyama

et al. 2002

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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Aim: In Okinawa, a subtropical island located between the East China Sea and Pacific Ocean, 2000 km south of mainland Japan, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma is 1.5 times higher than that seen in mainland Japan, and a large number of these patients have been reported to be infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this malignancy in this area by carrying out genomic analysis of EBV. Methods: Fifty four patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma reported from 1997 to 1999 in Okinawa were compared with 21 and 20 patients from Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in Kyushu, mainland Japan, respectively. Diagnosis was confirmed by conventional histological examination of paraffin wax sections. EBV was detected by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Bam HI-F, EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) regions). Sequence analysis of the PCR products was also carried out. Results: In Okinawa, 25 patients were found to be infected with EBV type A by analysing the 3′ sequence divergence of the EBNA2 genes. Six patients were positive for EBV type B, and eight for both type A and B. Therefore, type A virus infection was demonstrated in 33 of 54 patients, and type B in 14 of 54. In total, 39 of 54 patients were infected with EBV. However, the "f" variant was shown in only one patient, who was also infected with type A virus. In contrast, 97.0% of EBV type A infected patients showed a 30 bp deletion of the LMP-1 gene, but those infected with EBV type B did not. Sequence analysis of the type A virus EBNA2 gene revealed slight variations of the sequence (mutations)-48991 G→T and 48998 C→A-in 18 of 33 cases compared with the B95-8 strain, and in 14 cases, in addition to these, a further mutation of 48917 T→C was demonstrated; in the single remaining case, only one mutation at 49137 A→G was detected. The mutations at 48991 (G→T), and 49137 (A→G) are associated with amino acid changes Arg→Met and Thr→Ala, respectively. In contrast, no mutation was seen in the EBNA2 DNA from the 14 cases of type B virus when compared with that of the Jijoye strain. In Kitakyushu and Kumamoto, only 10 of 41 patients (six in Kitakyushu and four in Kumamoto) were infected with EBV. Among them, nine patients were infected with type A virus, and only one patient from Kitakyushu was infected with type B virus. The 48991 G→T and 48998 C→A mutations of the EBNA2 region were demonstrated in type A virus, but the 48917 T→C and 49137 A→G mutations were not when compared with the B95-8 strain. In the case of type B virus no mutation was noted. A 30 bp deletion was found in these nine cases of type A, but not in type B. The sequence analysis of EBV type A in Okinawa, Kitakyushu, and Kumamoto showed slight variations when compared with B95-8, but EBV type B LMP-1 did not when compared with the Jijoye strains. Conclusion: In Okinawa, EBV infection was frequently demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001)....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype in EBV related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, compared with Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in mainland Japan

Higa

Kinjo

Kamiyama

et al. 2002

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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“… (Berger et al, 1999; Chang et al, 2006; Chang et al, 1995; Chen et al, 1996b; Cheung et al, 1998; Cheung et al, 1996; Chiang et al, 1999; Correa et al, 2004; D’Addario and Chauvin, 2000; Dolcetti et al, 1997; Fassone et al, 2002; Guiretti et al, 2007; Gutierrez et al, 2000; Hayashi et al, 1997; Itakura et al, 1996; Jeon et al, 2004; Khanim et al, 1996; Lin et al, 2004; Lindsey et al, 2008; Nguyen-Van et al, 2008; Plaza et al, 2003; Sandvej et al, 1997; Santon and Bellas, 2001; Santon et al, 1995; See et al, 2008; Sung et al, 1998; Tan et al, 2003; Tang et al, 2008; Tao et al, 1998; Tiwawech et al, 2008; Trimeche et al, 2007; Vallat-Decouvelaere et al, 2002; Zhang et al, 2002; Zhou et al, 2001) (Barozzi et al, 1999; Berger et al, 1999; Chang et al, 1995; Cheung et al, 1996; Khanim et al, 1996; Lin et al, 2004; Lin et al, 1995; Lin et al, 2003; Santon and Bellas, 2001; See et al, 2008; Shu and Tu, 2000; Tan et al, 2003; Tang et al, 2008; Zhou et al, 2001) …”

Section: Figures and Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal

et al. 2009

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“…Some lytic cells were in mitosis (data not shown), in accordance with previous observations suggesting that EBV activation may be intimately linked with specific stages of the cell cycle. 32,52 Before, during and after release of EBV from lytically infected cells, it was impossible to discriminate between individual viral particles, but we estimated the number of viral copies to exceed several hundred per cell.…”

Section: Determination Of Ebv Latent or Lytic Infection Ee Leenman Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid determination of Epstein–Barr virus latent or lytic infection in single human cells using in situ hybridization

et al. 2004

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Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus is associated with malignancies such as lymphoma and carcinoma. Infection of cells with EBV may result in either lytic infection with production of viral particles, characterized by the presence of linear DNA forms, or latent infection, characterized by either episomal or integrated DNA forms. To examine whether the different lytic and latent EBV DNA forms can reliably be distinguished in single human cells, in situ hybridization was performed in EBV-positive cell lines. Immunocytochemistry and Southern blot analysis were performed supplementary to in situ hybridization. In latent infection, three in situ hybridization patterns were observed: large-disperse (episomal), small-punctate (integrated) and combined (both), signal types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These were associated with expression of latent membrane protein 1, but not with Z fragment of Epstein-Barr replication activator or viral capsid antigen. In lytic infection, three additional in situ hybridization patterns were observed: nuclear membrane associated, bubble (filling up the nucleus) and spillover (covering the lysed cells) signals types 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Signal types 4 and 5 were associated with expression of latent membrane protein 1 and Z fragment of Epstein-Barr replication activator but not viral capsid antigen, whereas type 6 was associated with expression of viral capsid antigen only. Southern blot analysis confirmed these results; however, low copy numbers of integrated virus were often missed by Southern blot, confirming that in situ hybridization is more sensitive in determining the presence of all types of EBV DNA. In situ hybridization may prove useful in rapidly screening large series of tissue microarrays and other clinical specimens for the presence of lytic or latent EBV.

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Epstein‐Barr virus strain characterization

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype in EBV related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, compared with Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in mainland Japan

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype in EBV related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, compared with Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in mainland Japan

The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal

Rapid determination of Epstein–Barr virus latent or lytic infection in single human cells using in situ hybridization

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