Epstein‐Barr virus related gastric cancer in Japan: A molecular patho‐epidemiological study

Tokunaga, Masayoshi; Uemura, Yoshiko; Tokudome, Takahiro; Ishidate, Takuzo; Masuda, Hirotake; Okazaki, Etsuo; Kaneko, Kou; Naoe, Shiro; Ito, Masafumi; Okamura, Atsushi; Shimada, Atsuko; Satô, Eiichi; Land, Charles E.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb03233.x

Cited by 79 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…41 Male predominance was one of the most evident clinicopathologic features of EBV-associated GC demonstrated in previous studies. 10,11,16,40 Although we also found male predominance in the present study, the gender ratio (male/female) was merely 1.9, which did not achieve statistical significance, and was lower than the gender ratios reported elsewhere. Although most of the studies reported so far showed male predominance, a notable exception is the finding reported in Mexico by Herrera-Goepfert et al 41 In that study the male/female ratio was 1.1.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Ebv Positive Casescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…25,[35][36][37][38][39] Our frequency of 16.8% of EBV-positive tumors is contrary to a previously proposed hypothesis that high-risk countries for GC have low rates of EBV-associated GC. 40 For example Japan, a country with a high prevalence of GC, studies have shown an association between EBV and GC of 6.7%. 11 Conversely, in the U.S., a country with a low prevalence of GC, studies have shown an association of 16%.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Ebv Positive Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epstein‐Barr virus in gastric carcinoma is associated with location in the cardia and with a diffuse histology: A study in one area of Chile

et al. 2001

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with the most common form of stomach neoplasms, the gastric carcinoma (GC). The presence of EBV-encoded small RNAtype-1 (EBER-1), a marker for EBV infection was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) in 185 formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded cases of GC from a high risk region. We found 31 (16.8%) EBV-positive cases with no relationship to age. Although male predominance (19% in males and 12.5% in females) was observed, the gender difference did not achieve statistical significance. Odds ratio (OR) for cardia location was 5.4 (95% CI 1.7-17.3) when antrum was used as referent category and the effects of gender and age were taken into account. The proportion of EBV-positive cases in diffuse histology was higher than intestinal type (OR ‫؍‬ 4.8, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 2.0 -11.1). Our findings are contrary to a previously accepted hypothesis, that high-risk countries for GC have low rates of EBV-associated GC. In addition, our findings regarding location, histology and weak male predominance are different from what has been described in Asian and European countries, but similar to those described in Mexico and Mexican descendants living in the U.S. suggesting unique characteristics of EBV-associated GC in Latin-America.

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Section: Factors Associated With Ebv Positive Casescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Associated With Ebv Positive Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein‐Barr virus in gastric carcinoma is associated with location in the cardia and with a diffuse histology: A study in one area of Chile

et al. 2001

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“…Meanwhile, we have applied this screening method to an additional 82 randomly selected cases, and observed an overall EBV positivity of 7.7% in a total of 324 cases from 19 different Dutch hospitals (data not shown). This is in agreement with the current literature concerning the prevalence of EBV-carrying gastric adenocarcinomas worldwide (7,9,29,30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

A Rapid and Reliable Enzyme Immunoassay PCR-Based Screening Method to Identify EBV-Carrying Gastric Carcinomas

Beek¹,

Hausen²,

Kranenbarg³

et al. 2002

Mod Pathol

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)is associated with a substantial number of gastric adenocarcinomas worldwide, as confirmed by EBER1/2-RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). In the present study, we developed a rapid and sensitive PCR-based prescreening method for the detection of EBV in gastric carcinomas to reduce the amount of laborious EBER1/2-RISH assays to be performed. The method was evaluated by testing gastric adenocarcinomas (n ‫؍‬ 242) using both BamHI W PCR-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and EBER1/2-RISH, in combination with appropriate DNA and RNA quality controls. Seventyfour percent of the paraffin-embedded gastric adenocarcinomas had good DNA quality as shown by ␤-globin polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after proteinase K and boiling pretreatment, whereas after DNA purification this was increased to 90%. Thirtytwo percent of all cases were EBV-DNA positive after PCR-EIA, whereas 10% of these gastric cancers contained EBV transcripts in the neoplastic cells as confirmed by EBER1/2-RISH. Interestingly, only samples with high optical density (OD) 405/630 values in PCR-EIA, equivalent to the maximum reading of the assay as determined by the positive control, contained EBV-positive tumor cells in the EBER1/2-RISH. In contrast, the weak positive samples, as determined by low OD readings in the PCR-EIA were EBER1/2-RISH negative. In conclusion, high OD values in EBV PCR-EIA are very valuable to prescreen EBV-carrying gastric carcinomas as confirmed by EBER1/2-RISH. Only these samples and those with poor DNA quality will require testing in the EBER1/2-RISH, thereby reducing the amount of laborious RISH assays with 85%.

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“…Although MI was noted in a high percentage of gastric cancers with a positive family history (Akiyama et al, 1996;Keller et al, 1996;Ottini et al, 1997), germline or somatic mutations of the mismatch repetition and repair (MMR) genes were rarely reported (Akiyama et al, 1996;Keller et al, 1996). Thus, the mechanism leading to the mismatch repair failure in gastric carcinomas remains largely unknown.The association between EpsteinÐBarr virus (EBV) and gastric cancer also varies among different populations, with the highest positive association occurring in Caucasian populations (Shibata and Weiss, 1992;Ott et al, 1994) and a low association seen in the Japanese (Tokunaga et al, 1993). EBV is found in more than 80% of a specific histological variant of gastric carcinoma, variably termed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), medullary or gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (Nakamura et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between EpsteinÐBarr virus (EBV) and gastric cancer also varies among different populations, with the highest positive association occurring in Caucasian populations (Shibata and Weiss, 1992;Ott et al, 1994) and a low association seen in the Japanese (Tokunaga et al, 1993). EBV is found in more than 80% of a specific histological variant of gastric carcinoma, variably termed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), medullary or gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (Nakamura et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite instability, Epstein–Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor β receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese

et al. 1999

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Microsatellite instability (MI), the phenotypic manifestation of mismatch repair failure, is detectable in a wide variety of human cancers. It is particularly seen in patients with the hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) syndrome, in which the affected individual is at risk of developing carcinoma both at an early age and at a range of sites such as the colon, endometrium, urinary tract and stomach (Aaltonen et al, 1993;Marra and Boland, 1995;Lynch et al, 1996). Germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes is responsible for a significant proportion of individuals affected by this syndrome (Fishel et al, 1993;Bronner et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1994;Nicolaides et al, 1994;Papadopoulos et al, 1994). MI has also been detected in a variable proportion of the sporadic form of cancer arising in these organs (Eshleman and Markowitz, 1995).Although gastric cancer, worldwide, is deemed to be both the second most common malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death Pisani et al, 1993), the incidence varies markedly in different populations. The incidence of molecular genetic changes is known to vary; for example, the series of reports from high incidence areas such as Japan, Italy, Portugal and Korea show a range for MI varying from 15% to 39% (Han et al, 1993;Chong et al, 1994;Rhyu et al, 1994;Strickler et al, 1994;Lin et al, 1995;Chung et al, 1996;dos Santos et al, 1996;Ohue et al, 1996;Renault et al, 1996). Although MI was noted in a high percentage of gastric cancers with a positive family history (Akiyama et al, 1996;Keller et al, 1996;Ottini et al, 1997), germline or somatic mutations of the mismatch repetition and repair (MMR) genes were rarely reported (Akiyama et al, 1996;Keller et al, 1996). Thus, the mechanism leading to the mismatch repair failure in gastric carcinomas remains largely unknown.The association between EpsteinÐBarr virus (EBV) and gastric cancer also varies among different populations, with the highest positive association occurring in Caucasian populations (Shibata and Weiss, 1992;Ott et al, 1994) and a low association seen in the Japanese (Tokunaga et al, 1993). EBV is found in more than 80% of a specific histological variant of gastric carcinoma, variably termed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), medullary or gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (Nakamura et al, 1994). This variant is characterized by the presence of a poorly differentiated morphology, a circumscribed border, an intense lymphoid reaction and a better prognosis (Watanabe et al, 1976). The possible relationship between EBV, MI and LELC is largely unexplored except in one study from Japan, in which all eight EBV-associated gastric cancers were negative for MI (Chong et al, 1994).Previous data have shown that the mutator phenotype conferred by MI has a significant role in carcinogenesis, in which it targets Microsatellite instability, EpsteinÐBarr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor β receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese Summary Microsatellite instability (M...

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Epstein‐Barr virus related gastric cancer in Japan: A molecular patho‐epidemiological study

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

Epstein‐Barr virus in gastric carcinoma is associated with location in the cardia and with a diffuse histology: A study in one area of Chile

Epstein‐Barr virus in gastric carcinoma is associated with location in the cardia and with a diffuse histology: A study in one area of Chile

A Rapid and Reliable Enzyme Immunoassay PCR-Based Screening Method to Identify EBV-Carrying Gastric Carcinomas

Microsatellite instability, Epstein–Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor β receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese

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