Epstein-Barr virus—recent advances

Macsween, Karen F.; Crawford, Dorothy H.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00543-7

Cited by 288 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…However, EBV detection techniques and viral load estimation values have not been standardised and results vary between different laboratories [4]. Furthermore, there is no consensus regarding what type of samples should be tested: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whole blood, plasma, or serum.…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virus (Ebv) Belongs To the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One disadvantage of real-time PCR is the need of specialised and relatively expensive equipment for real-time laser scanning, although the cost is decreasing. Like other EBV methods, there is currently no standardised real-time PCR protocol for measuring EBV load [4]. To date, all real-time PCR assays used to measure EBV load have been ''in house'' or ''homebrew'' systems, and primers and probes differ across many laboratories.…”

Section: Technical Aspects In Measuring Ebv Load In Peripheral Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, which develops relatively early in disease, (2) peripheral NHL, which occurs at the late stages, and (3) primary central nervous system lymphoma, which predominantly occurs in profoundly immunocompromised late-stage patients [4]. EBV appears to play a pivotal role in the development of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma and is frequently associated with virus in the cerebrospinal fluid [81].…”

Section: Aids-related Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Kimura

Ito

Suzuki

et al. 2008

Reviews in Medical Virology

137

142

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Because Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous and persists latently in lymphocytes, simply detecting EBV is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. Therefore, measuring the EBV load is necessary to diagnose EBVassociated diseases and to explore EBV pathogenesis. Due to the diverse biology of EBV, the significance of measuring EBV DNA and the optimal type of specimen differ among EBV-associated diseases. Recent advances in molecular technology have enabled the EBV genome to be quantitated rapidly and accurately. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and reliable method to quantify DNA and is widely used not only as a diagnostic tool, but also as a management tool for EBV-associated diseases. However, each laboratory currently measures EBV load with its own ''homebrew'' system, and there is no consensus on sample type, sample preparation protocol, or assay units. The EBV real-time PCR assay system must be standardised for large-scale studies and international comparisons.

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Section: Epstein-barr Virus (Ebv) Belongs To the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Aspects In Measuring Ebv Load In Peripheral Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aids-related Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Kimura

Ito

Suzuki

et al. 2008

Reviews in Medical Virology

137

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered a key cause of NPC (1) , but the ubiquity of EBV suggests that other cofactors, such as diet, may have a role in NPC aetiology and may contribute to the remarkable geographic variation (4,5) . However, the role of diet has scarcely been investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂ and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case–control study

et al. 2015

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Many studies have suggested that folate-related one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients may play a role in certain cancer risks, but few studies have assessed their associations with the risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we investigated the association between four folate-related one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients (folate, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 and methionine) and NPC risk in Chinese adults. A total of 600 patients newly diagnosed (within 3 months) with NPC were individually matched with 600 hospital-based controls by age, sex and household type (urban v. rural). Folate, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 and methionine intakes were measured using a validated seventy-eight-item FFQ. A higher dietary folate or vitamin B 6 intake was associated with a lower NPC risk after adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted OR of NPC for quartiles 2-4 (v. 1) were 0·66 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·91), 0·52 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·74) and 0·34 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·50) (P trend < 0·001) for folate and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·52, 1·00), 0·55 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·78) and 0·44 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·63) (P trend < 0·001) for vitamin B 6 . No significant association with NPC risk was observed for dietary vitamin B 12 or methionine intake. The risk for NPC with dietary folate intake was more evident in the participants who were not exposed to toxic substances than in those who were exposed (P interaction = 0·014). This study suggests that dietary folate and vitamin B 6 may be protective for NPC in a high-risk population.

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“…Only two of the NLSs were found to be functional in the context of the full-length EBNA3B protein. (Henle & Henle, 1979) and is also associated with several human malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma and immunoblastic B-cell lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals (Macsween & Crawford, 2003). EBV infections result in a lifelong carrier state whereby the virus exists in a latent state in B cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear localization of the Epstein–Barr virus EBNA3B protein

Burgess

Buck

Krauer

et al. 2006

Journal of General Virology

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The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) 3B is a hydrophilic, proline-rich, charged protein that is thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation and is targeted exclusively to the cell nucleus, where it localizes to discrete subnuclear granules. Co-localization studies utilizing a fusion protein between enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and EBNA3B with FLAG-tagged EBNA3A and EBNA3C proteins demonstrated that EBNA3B co-localized with both EBNA3A and EBNA3C in the nuclei of cells when overexpressed. Computer analyses identified four potential nuclear-localization signals (NLSs) in the EBNA3B amino acid sequence. By utilizing fusion proteins with EGFP, deletion constructs of EBNA3B and site-directed mutagenesis, three of the four NLSs (aa 160-166, 430-434 and 867-873) were shown to be functional in truncated forms of EBNA3B, whilst an additional NLS (aa 243-246) was identified within the N-terminal region of EBNA3B. Only two of the NLSs were found to be functional in the context of the full-length EBNA3B protein. (Henle & Henle, 1979) and is also associated with several human malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma and immunoblastic B-cell lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals (Macsween & Crawford, 2003). EBV infections result in a lifelong carrier state whereby the virus exists in a latent state in B cells. EBV is able to efficiently transform and immortalize human B cells in vitro, resulting in the generation of lymphoblastoid cell lines. Despite the presence of the complete viral genome in EBV-immortalized B lymphocytes, only a limited number of viral genes are expressed. These include the latent proteins EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C and LP, two latent membrane proteins (LMP-1 and -2) and the EBER RNAs and the BamHI A rightward transcripts (BARTs). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotrophic herpesvirus that is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosisEBNA3A, 3B and 3C share a similar genomic organization, they have molecular masses between 135 and 165 kDa and are hydrophilic, proline-rich, charged proteins. Each of the EBNA3 proteins interacts with the DNA-binding protein RBP-Jk/RBP-2N (also known as CBF1) (Johannsen et al., 1996;Krauer et al., 1996;Robertson et al., 1995;Young et al., 1997), indicating that they play a role in transcriptional regulation (Krauer et al., 1998;Marshall & Sample, 1995). The EBNA3B protein is non-essential for EBV-mediated Bcell growth transformation in vitro (Hsu et al., 2005), although the persistent expression of EBNA3B against negative selective pressure by cytotoxic T cells in vivo is consistent with an important role for this gene product. EBNA3B has been shown to be capable of disrupting a drug-induced G 2 /M checkpoint (Krauer et al., 2004b), to upregulate expression of the cytoskeletal protein vimentin and the activation antigen CD40 and to cause downregulation of the BL-associated antigen BLA (CD77) (Silins & Sculley, 1994, 1995.The EBNA3B protein is targeted exclusively to the cell nucleu...

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Epstein-Barr virus—recent advances

Cited by 288 publications

References 140 publications

Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Folate, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂ and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case–control study

Nuclear localization of the Epstein–Barr virus EBNA3B protein

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Epstein-Barr virus—recent advances

Cited by 288 publications

References 140 publications

Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Measuring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load: the significance and application for each EBV‐associated disease

Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case–control study

Nuclear localization of the Epstein–Barr virus EBNA3B protein

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Folate, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂ and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case–control study