Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Niedobitek, Gerald

doi:10.1136/mp.53.5.248

Cited by 176 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In addition, EBV also is present in premalignant lesions, and is believed to be important for the oncogenic process in NPC. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] One strategy is to treat these tumors as immune targets and directly manipulate preexisting virusspecific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) to attack epitopes derived from viral proteins and presented by infected tumor cells. Prior studies have established the feasibility and safety of EBV-stimulated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (EBV-CTL) immunotherapy in a variety of EBV-related neoplasms and proliferations, suggesting potential efficacy against NPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Huang

Fogg

Wirth

et al. 2017

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Early-stage and intermediate-stage nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) generally carry a good prognosis, but for patients with recurrent, metastatic disease, options are limited. In the current study, the authors present a phase 1/2 study to evaluate the efficacy of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-stimulated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (EBV-CTL) immunotherapy in this patient population. METHODS: Screening for patients with active, recurrent, metastatic EBV-associated NPC began in February 2007, and the study was closed to accrual in January 2012. After informed consent was obtained, patients had their blood drawn to initiate manufacturing of the EBV-CTL product. During product manufacturing, patients were placed on interim standard-of-care chemotherapy, and only after disease progression on the interim chemotherapy did patients receive investigational immunotherapy. Patients were restaged every 2 months until disease progression and then followed for survival. RESULTS: A total of 28 patients were enrolled, and 21 patients were treated. There was 1 complete response achieved, and at the time of last follow-up, the patient had been in remission for >8 years since treatment. The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months, and the median overall survival was 16.7 months. Two other patients, after failing EBV-CTL immunotherapy, unexpectedly demonstrated strong responses to the chemotherapy regimens they had previously failed. Patient EBV viral load and EBV-CTL specificity for tumor-associated viral antigens did not appear to correlate with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: A durable response was observed with EBV-CTL immunotherapy, but the overall response rate for patients with recurrent, metastatic NPC was low. Further research is necessary to increase the efficacy of EBV-specific immunotherapy in patients with incurable NPC, and to characterize mechanisms for refacilitation to chemotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Huang

Fogg

Wirth

et al. 2017

Cancer

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“…EBV is associated with virtually all cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and has been classified as a group I carcinogen (15)(16)(17)(18). In addition to its potential role in the pathogenesis of NPC, EBV also provides a possible target for immunotherapy of NPC, since a limited number of viral genes are expressed in the neoplastic cells, including EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2 (16,17,19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to its potential role in the pathogenesis of NPC, EBV also provides a possible target for immunotherapy of NPC, since a limited number of viral genes are expressed in the neoplastic cells, including EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2 (16,17,19,20). Although EBNA1 appears to be an immunogen for reactivating EBNA1-specific CD4 + T cell clones, the majority of such clones fail to recognize lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCL) target cells (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Dendritic Cell Vaccine Loaded with Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A)

et al. 2008

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“…Lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the nasopharynx is highly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), particularly in endemic areas, such as Southeast Asia and North Africa [15]. In non-endemic areas, EBV is present in approximately 1/3 of cases [16,17], but this percentage can be higher in areas of high immigration.…”

Section: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Illustration Of Viral Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis in Head and Neck: What a Surgical Pathologist Must Know

Hunt

2008

Head and Neck Pathol

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Molecular alterations in tumors have become interesting targets both for diagnostic and for therapeutic and prognostic applications in tumor pathology. In the head and neck, there are a variety of different alterations, encompassing all the different types of genetic events associated with carcinogenesis. This paper reviews three different types of tumors that display a spectrum of genetic alterations: the translocation in Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Epstein Barr virus association in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the HRPT2 tumor suppressor gene in parathyroid carcinoma. Basic histology is reviewed and the genetic alterations are discussed, along with a brief discussion of potential diagnostic implications.

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Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 176 publications

References 81 publications

Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Potent Dendritic Cell Vaccine Loaded with Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A)

Molecular Diagnosis in Head and Neck: What a Surgical Pathologist Must Know

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