Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Carpén, Timo; Syrjänen, Stina; Jouhi, Lauri; Randén-Brady, Reija; Haglund, Caj; Mäkitie, Antti; Mattila, Petri S.; Hagström, Jaana

doi:10.1007/s00262-020-02570-3

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…12 A recent study reported that patients with EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) had significantly poorer OS, DFS and prognosis than those with HPV-positive OPSCC. 13 So, we hypothesis that the identified RBPs may play an indispensable role in EBV-related HNSCC and needs more researches to conduct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated analysis of the prognostic values of RNA‐binding proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2021

BioFactors

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract. These RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) influence posttranscriptional in cells and regulate cell physiology, participate in regulating RNA stability, alternative splicing, translation, modification, localization, and apoptosis. We used RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to display dysfunctional RBPs microenvironments and provide potential useful biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis and prognosis. Six RBPs (DNMT1, PCF11, EIF5A2, RNASE10, PSMA6, and IGF2BP2) were selected as independent prognosis factors of HNSCC patients. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were mainly enriched in RNA transport, Spliceosome, RNA degradation, mRNA surveillance pathway, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. cBioPortal results demonstrated that these six genes were altered in 150 samples out of 504 HNSCC patients (30%) and the amplification of IGF2BP2 was the largest frequent copy-number alteration. Based on the online database, we identified novel RBPs markers for the prognosis of HNSCC. K E Y W O R D Shead and neck squamous cell carcinoma, prognosis, RNA-binding proteins, TCGA | INTRODUCTIONHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) come from the tongue, mouth, nasopharynx, larynx, and other throat cancers. 1 The study reported there are over 655,000 new diagnosis and 90,000 decease each year. 2 Its well known that tobacco, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are deemed as risk factors for the occurrence and prognosis of HNSCC. 3 Similarly, study reported Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is extremely linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). 4 Unfortunately, due to the absence of manifestation when early detection of HNSCC, the 5-year survival rate is still below 50%, and owing to recurrence and metastasis, the survival rate is reduced to 35%. 5 The occurrence and development of HNSCC are a complex process, including multiple molecules. Due to the histological type and numerous anatomical locations of HNSCC, tumor markers differ greatly. Therefore, more valuable HNSCC drug targets related to tumor formation and progression are needed.RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is a protein that interacts with different types of RNA and is commonly detected in cells. These RBPs influence post-transcriptional in cells and regulate cell physiology, participate in regulating RNA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated analysis of the prognostic values of RNA‐binding proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2021

BioFactors

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“…Other viruses have been identified in OSCC samples, as individual infections or in co-infection with HPV. Still, their role in the disease is unclear (124)(125)(126)(127). Despite its importance, HPV-unrelated OSCC cases account for the vast majority of oral cancer cases.…”

Section: The Microbiome and Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

2020

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There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.

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“…HNSCC displays a high grade of heterogeneity [ 2 ]. It can be attributed to the diversity of manifestation sites in the upper aerodigestive tract and the different etiologic backgrounds, including tobacco or alcohol consumption [ 3 ] and virus infection [ 4 ]. Consequently, the response of patients to multimodal treatment, including surgery and/or radio(chemo)therapy exhibits similar diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oct4 confers stemness and radioresistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the homologous recombination factors PSMC3IP and RAD54L

et al. 2021

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often being diagnosed at an advanced stage, conferring a poor prognosis. The probability of local tumor control after radiotherapy depends on the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with activated DNA repair. This study provides evidence that the CSC-related transcription factor Oct4 contributes to HNSCC radioresistance by regulating DNA damage response and the CSC phenotype. Knockdown of Oct4 A isoform reduced self-renewal capacity in HNSCC and led to partial tumor cell radiosensitization caused by transcriptional downregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and WEE1 and homologous recombination (HR) repair genes PSMC3IP and RAD54L. Besides, PARP inhibition with Olaparib selectively radiosensitized Oct4 A knockout, but not wild-type HNSCC cells. This finding links Oct4 A to the HR-mediated DNA repair mechanisms. In turn, knockdown of PSMC3IP and RAD54L reduced the HNSCC self-renewal capacity and clonogenic cell survival after irradiation, suggesting the interplay between DNA repair and the CSC phenotype. Similar to the effect of Oct4 knockdown, overexpression of Oct4 also resulted in significant HNSCC radiosensitization and increased DNA damage, suggesting that Oct4-dependent regulation of DNA repair depends on its fine-tuned expression. In line with this observation, HNSCC patients with high and low nuclear Oct4 expression at the invasive tumor front exhibited better loco-regional tumor control after postoperative radio(chemo)therapy compared to the intermediate expression subgroup. Thus, we found that the Oct4-driven transcriptional program plays a critical role in regulating HNSCC radioresistance, and a combination of radiotherapy with PARP inhibitors may induce synthetic lethality in Oct4-deregulated tumors.

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Integrated analysis of the prognostic values of RNA‐binding proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Integrated analysis of the prognostic values of RNA‐binding proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

Oct4 confers stemness and radioresistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the homologous recombination factors PSMC3IP and RAD54L

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