Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor and Its Correlation With CD4 Levels in a Patient With HIV Infection

Chong, Yoon Bin; Lu, Po‐Liang; Ma, Yingjie; Yin, Hsin‐Ling; Chang, Chih-Hui

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.725342

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Our two cases also underwent this treatment strategy and exhibited stable EBV-SMT lesions in follow-up CT scans. Sirolimus, an mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor, not only prevents transplant rejection but also has antineoplastic effect, making it a promising therapeutic drug for EBV-SMT [ 12 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor after kidney transplantation: two case reports with review of differential diagnosis

Fu,

Gao,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Pulmonary nodules are a common complication in solid organ transplant recipients, and may have various underlying causes, with Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) being one of them. Given the rarity of this entity, we describe the diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for post-transplant EBV-SMT in two individuals. Both cases involved female patients who were diagnosed with multiple pulmonary nodules 60 months and 116 months, respectively, after receiving living-related kidney transplantation. Pathological examination revealed a spindle cell tumor, with immunophenotype and EBV in situ hybridization supporting the diagnosis of EBV-SMT. After diagnosis, these two patients underwent intervention by decreasing their intake of immunosuppressants. As of the latest follow-up, the patients’ lesion size remained stable, and their overall condition was favorable. We also reviewed literature about the morphological and molecular pathological features of EBV-SMT and highlighted the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary spindle cell lesions especially in the setting of immunosuppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor after kidney transplantation: two case reports with review of differential diagnosis

Fu,

Gao,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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“…A study by Deyrup et al examined EBV-SMTs in 19 patients with multiorgan involvement and found that, in each case, the tumors were genetically distinct, suggesting that the multiorgan condition arises from multiple primary tumors rather than metastasis [59]. Moreover, it has been observed that EBV-SMTs related to HIV infection tend to have a higher likelihood of central nervous system involvement [25][26][27]29,31,35,43,45,52,59].…”

Section: Ebv-associated Smooth Muscle Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distinctive characteristics of EBV-SMTs comprise the presence of a second population of small, round tumor cells with hyperchromatic, round nuclei and limited amphophilic cytoplasm, as well as an infiltrate of intratumoral lymphocytes [26,[28][29][30]34,36,41,44,45,47,48,50,51,53,55,57]. Other noteworthy features may include increased vascularity resembling hemangiopericytoma (HPC)like vasculature or an appearance reminiscent of an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) [27][28][29]34,53]. Visual representations of the key histological features described earlier are also presented in an illustrative case of a lymph node involved with an EBV-SMT (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Ebv-associated Smooth Muscle Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune reconstitution: Given the multifocal nature of EBV-SMT and its association with immunodeficiency, numerous reports propose prioritizing immune system restoration as a fundamental treatment approach. For patients with HIV, it is recommended to utilize antiretroviral therapy to reinstate immune function [27,35]. In the case of organ transplant recipients, reducing immunosuppressive medications is advised to bolster the immune response [36,39,41,48].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Clinicopathology Review and Update of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Mesenchymal Tumors

Lee,

Omar,

Tay

et al. 2023

Cancers

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various tumor types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disorders. While much is known about EBV-related epithelial and lymphoid tumors, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning EBV-associated mesenchymal tumors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of EBV-associated mesenchymal tumors, encompassing their clinical features, pathological characteristics, pathophysiology, prognostic factors, and current treatment approaches. Through an extensive literature search using the PubMed database, we were able to identify three distinct EBV-associated mesenchymal tumors: EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors, inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, and EBV-associated osteosarcomas. Although this review extensively explored the different aspects of these mesenchymal tumors, our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiology in this context is still incomplete. Therefore, we hope that this review paper will not only serve as a valuable repository of information but also serve as a catalyst for prospective in vitro and in vivo research studies to bridge the existing knowledge gap surrounding pathophysiology, ultimately making an important contribution to shaping future therapeutic approaches.

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“…Immune reconstitution can help T cells to kill tumor cells, thus contributing to tumor shrinkage [ 217 ]. Therefore, although the treatment of EBV-SMT mainly focuses on surgical resection and radiation therapy, immune reconstitution is a potentially promising treatment strategy [ 218 ].…”

Section: Landscape Of Different Ebv-associated Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause different types of cancer in human beings when the virus infects different cell types with various latent patterns. EBV shapes a distinct and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to its benefit by influencing and interacting with different components in the TME. Different EBV-associated malignancies adopt similar but slightly specific immunosuppressive mechanisms by encoding different EBV products to escape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies reversing the immunosuppressive TME of EBV-associated malignancies have been under evaluation in clinical practice. As the interactions among EBV, tumor cells, and TME are intricate, in this review, we mainly discuss the epidemiology of EBV, the life cycle of EBV, the cellular and molecular composition of TME, and a landscape of different EBV-associated malignancies and immunotherapy by targeting the TME.

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Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor and Its Correlation With CD4 Levels in a Patient With HIV Infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor after kidney transplantation: two case reports with review of differential diagnosis

Pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor after kidney transplantation: two case reports with review of differential diagnosis

A Clinicopathology Review and Update of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Mesenchymal Tumors

Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

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