Epstein-Barr Virus and Nonhuman Primates: Natural and Experimental Infection

Frank, Arthur L.; Andiman, Warren A.; Miller, George

doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60546-1

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As with man, EBV can infect and transform B lymphocytes "in vitro" from a New World non-human primate, the cottontopped marmoset (10,11). Cell-free EBV, autologous transformed cells, or cell-associated virus given to these marmosets can induce fatal B cell lymphoproliferative states (12).…”

Section: Seemayer Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease: Twenty-Five Years after the Discovery

et al. 1995

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Section: Seemayer Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease: Twenty-Five Years after the Discovery

et al. 1995

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“…Old World (4), and more recently New World (2), nonhuman primates are known to be naturally infected with related herpesviruses in the same lymphocryptovirus (LCV) genus as EBV. LCV infection in Old World primates was initially recognized by the presence of serum antibodies cross-reactive with viral antigens in EBV-infected B cells (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphocryptovirus Infection in Sera from a New World Primate

Fogg

Carville

Cameron

et al. 2005

J Virol

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The recent discovery of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) naturally infecting common marmosets demonstrated that gamma-1 herpesviruses are not limited to human and Old World nonhuman primate hosts. We developed serologic assays to detect serum antibodies against lytic-and latentinfection marmoset LCV antigens in order to perform the first seroepidemiologic study of LCV infection in New World primates. In three different domestic colonies and in animals recently captured from the wild, we found that the seroprevalence of marmoset LCV infection was not as ubiquitous as with EBV or Old World LCV. These biologic differences in LCV infection of New World versus human and Old World primate hosts correlate with the evolution of the LCV viral gene repertoire.Serologic responses to lytic and latent infection antigens, such as viral capsid antigen (VCA) and EBNA-1, are widely used to document Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (8, 13). Old World (4), and more recently New World (2), nonhuman primates are known to be naturally infected with related herpesviruses in the same lymphocryptovirus (LCV) genus as EBV. LCV infection in Old World primates was initially recognized by the presence of serum antibodies cross-reactive with viral antigens in EBV-infected B cells (7). As with humans, LCV seropositivity in Old World primates is highly prevalent both in nature and in domesticated colonies, with seropositivity in more than 95% of adult animals (5, 7, 9). The biology of LCV infection in Old World primates appears to be nearly identical to that of EBV infection in humans (16). This is concordant with the identical repertoire of viral genes and the high degree of sequence homology between EBV and rhesus LCV, a prototype for an Old World LCV whose genome has recently been fully sequenced (11).It was long believed that LCV did not infect New World primates, since there was no strong evidence of EBV crossreactive antibodies from these species. However, we recently isolated a B-cell-immortalizing herpesvirus from a spontaneous B-cell lymphoma arising in a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) that belonged to the LCV genus (2). PCR studies showed that LCV infection was present in three different marmoset colonies, and a similar LCV was also found in squirrel monkeys, indicating that LCV infection is present in species from both major families of New World primates (2). Studies from other laboratories have since confirmed that LCV can be found in a variety of New World species (3, 6).The complete genome sequence of the marmoset LCV is striking for its differences from the EBV genome (10). The marmoset LCV encodes at least seven unique open reading frames (ORFs) with no sequence homology to other cell or viral genes. In most cases, there is compelling evidence that these unique genes are predecessors for certain EBV genes, e.g., they are located in the same position of the genome, they have similar transcriptional patterns, they have similar predicted secondary protein structures, or they have similar functio...

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“…In contrast, New World monkeys have until recently been found to harbor only Gamma-2-Herpesvirinae, namely, herpesvirus saimiri in the squirrel monkey (2,4,20) and herpesvirus ateles in the spider monkey (1,19). The failure to detect EBV cross-reactive antibodies in New World primates suggested that lymphocryptoviruses were restricted to humans and nonhuman Old World primates (9). The general thinking was that the Old World-New World split resulted in dramatic changes in the evolution of Gammaherpesvirinae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Gamma-1 Herpesviruses Identified in Free-Ranging New World Monkeys (Golden-Handed Tamarin [Saguinus midas], Squirrel Monkey [Saimiri sciureus], and White-Faced Saki [Pithecia pithecia]) in French Guiana

Thoisy

Pouliquen

Lacoste

et al. 2003

J Virol

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The recent finding of a novel Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus (CalHV-3) in a captive colony of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the United States modifies the view that the host range of lymphocryptovirus is restricted to humans and Old World primates. We investigated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-related viruses in 79 samples of New World monkeys caught in the wild, including six species of the Cebidae family and one of the Callitrichidae, living in the rain forest of French Guiana. Using a degenerate consensus PCR method for the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene, we identified three novel lymphocryptoviruses from golden-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) of the Callitrichidae family and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) of the Cebidae family. With the CalHV-3 strain, these three novel viruses constitute a well-supported phylogenetic clade in the Lymphocryptovirus genus, which is clearly distinct from the lineage of Old World lymphocryptovirus, hosted by catarrhine monkeys and humans. In tamarins, the prevalence of the novel lymphocryptovirus was more than 50%, indicating that it circulates well in the wild population, perhaps due to specific ecoethological patterns such as confrontations and intergroup migration. The detection and partial molecular characterization of the polymerase gene of three novel Gamma-1-Herpesvirinae from New World monkeys caught in the wild clearly indicate that free-ranging populations of platyrrhine are natural hosts of lymphocryptoviruses. Further characterization of these novel viruses will provide new insight not only into the origin and evolution of Gammaherpesvirinae but also into their pathogenicity.

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Epstein-Barr Virus and Nonhuman Primates: Natural and Experimental Infection

Cited by 70 publications

References 56 publications

X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease: Twenty-Five Years after the Discovery

X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease: Twenty-Five Years after the Discovery

Reduced Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphocryptovirus Infection in Sera from a New World Primate

Novel Gamma-1 Herpesviruses Identified in Free-Ranging New World Monkeys (Golden-Handed Tamarin [Saguinus midas], Squirrel Monkey [Saimiri sciureus], and White-Faced Saki [Pithecia pithecia]) in French Guiana

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