Epstein-Barr Virus and Autoimmunity

Pender, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/b978-044451271-0.50013-2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This study agree with that of Jassim et al (2015) which reported that EBV may play a role as a triggering factor in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis [29]. Patients with ReA have increased anti-EBV antibody levels in their sera compared to healthy subjects [30]. While, López et al (2016) pointed out a positive relationship between inflammatory arthritis and EBV [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Reactive Arthritis Patients

Al-Bayati

Abood

Salloom

2020

eijs

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Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an incendiary joint inflammation that occurs few days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. The etiology of the disease is not well-known. Therefore, the present study included 80 females and 25 males, divided into 51 patients with reactive arthritis and 54 healthy individuals as control group. The study involved the detection of serum levels of anti-rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) as well as those of CRP and C3 in all subjects. In addition, EBV levels were detected by Real Time-PCR technique. The results showed significantly increased levels (P < 0.05) of CRP, C3 and anti-CCP Ab in ReA patients’ group compared to the healthy control group (505.42 ± 402.94 versus 255.62 ± 135.5 U/ml, 61.20 ± 100.64 versus 20.43 ± 47.63 ng/ml and 35.11 ± 30.0 versus 6.82 ± 14.01 pg/ml, respectively), Also, the RF results demonstrated a significantly increased percentage in ReA patients’ group compared to a healthy control group (61.11 versus 37.25 %). While, the molecular study showed a non-significant increase in the percentage of EBV in ReA patients’ group compared to a healthy control group (17.65 versus 12.69 %). The results of this study lead to suggest that the immunological markers used may play a role in the development of ReA disease, while there was a non-significant association between EBV infection and ReA disease development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Reactive Arthritis Patients

Al-Bayati

Abood

Salloom

2020

eijs

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“…A large body of evidence indicates that infection with EBV has a role in the pathogenesis of many human chronic autoimmune diseases, including MS [36,37]. A review of eight published casecontrol studies compar ing EBV serology in MS patients and controls revealed that 99% of MS patients were EBVseropositive compared to 90% of controls (OR = 13.5) [38].…”

Section: Role Of Ebv In Pathogenesis Of Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B cells infected by EBV might provide this costimulatory signal [36]. Infection of autoreactive B cells by EBV might also contribute to the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases [36,37], for example, SLE where 99% of patients are also EBVseropositive [47].…”

Section: Role Of Ebv In Pathogenesis Of Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of multiple sclerosis

Pender

Greer²

2007

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to demyelination, axonal damage, and progressive neurologic disability. The development of MS is influenced by environmental factors, particularly the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and genetic factors, which include specific HLA types, particularly DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602, and a predisposition to autoimmunity in general. MS patients have increased circulating T-cell and antibody reactivity to myelin proteins and gangliosides. It is proposed that the role of EBV is to infect autoreactive B cells that then seed the CNS and promote the survival of autoreactive T cells there. It is also proposed that the clinical attacks of relapsing-remitting MS are orchestrated by myelinreactive T cells entering the white matter of the CNS from the blood, and that the progressive disability in primary and secondary progressive MS is caused by the action of autoantibodies produced in the CNS by meningeal lymphoid follicles with germinal centers.

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Recent Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Epstein–Barr Virus

et al. 2020

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my (M.A.H.A.); irekeola@student.usm.my (A.A.I.); hanimkk@usm.my (R.H.S.)Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of many diseases including infectious mononucleosis (IM), and it is associated with different subtypes of lymphoma, sarcoma and carcinoma such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. With the advent of improved laboratory tests for EBV, a timelier and accurate diagnosis could be made to aid better prognosis and effective treatment. For histopathological lesions, the in situ hybridization (ISH) of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in biopsy tissues remains the gold standard for detecting EBV. Methods such as the heterophile antibody test, immunofluorescence assays, enzyme immunoassays, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are also employed in the detection of EBV in different types of samples. The determination of EBV viral load using PCR, however, is gaining more prominence in the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases. Given the challenge of false positive/negative results that are sometimes experienced during the detection of EBV, variability in results from different laboratories, and the impact of factors such as sample type and the immunological status of patients from whom samples are collected, the need to critically examine these present methods is invaluable. This review thus presents current advances in the detection of EBV, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques. In addition, fundamental virological concepts are highlighted to enhance the greater understanding, the proper application, and the interpretation of EBV tests.Pathogens 2020, 9, 226 2 of 17 EBV can infect a wide range of cells and tissues including T and B lymphocytes, nasopharynx and oropharynx squamous epithelial cells, salivary and stomach glands, thyroid glandular epithelial cells, smooth muscle, and follicular dendritic cells [4]. However, EBV primarily infects and replicates in the stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx, followed by a latent infection of B lymphocytes [4]. It has been suggested that the EBV infection of B lymphocytes occurs in the oropharyngeal lymphoid organs [2]. In normal carriers, the virus persists in circulating memory B cells and initiates the production of immunoglobulins [1,2]. Following EBV's infection of B cells, a specific set of latency-related genes and transcripts are expressed, and the virus could remain dormant in resting memory B cells, from which it intermittently reactivates at any mucosal site where B cells are present (Table 1) [4,5]. The reactivation of EBV poses a great and difficult challenge to infected hosts [3]. In healthy adults, it is estimated that for every million B cells in circulation, approximately 1 to 50 are infected with EBV, with the number of latently-infected cells in each individual remaining stable for several years [6]. Therefore, EBV coexists with most human hosts without obvious outcomes. However, in some people, the virus is associated with the develo...

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Epstein-Barr Virus and Autoimmunity

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Reactive Arthritis Patients

Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Reactive Arthritis Patients

Immunology of multiple sclerosis

Recent Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Epstein–Barr Virus

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