Epstein-Barr Viral Antigens Used in
the Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma

Gan, Y.Y.; Fones-Tan, A.; Chan, S.H.; Gan, L.H.

doi:10.1159/000456914

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…More over, ELISA is more accurate, better standardized and less subject to interoperator variability and interpretation than IFA. 10,19 Given that the six seromarkers detected by ELISA in our study have already been commercialized in China, ELISA is also more accessible and usable in a population setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With these performance characteristics for the two traditional seromarkers,9 the positive predictive value (PPV) was only 0.11–0.53%, assuming an NPC incidence rate of 10 to 50/105 person‐years. Other limitations of detecting seromarkers by conventional IFA include a lack of standardized methods, high intraobserver variation in results and time‐consuming protocols, making this method unsuitable for large‐scale testing and automated handling 10, 11. These inadequacies have driven researchers to search for alternative markers and methods with potentially higher accuracy, reliability and suitability for NPC mass screening.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With recent advances, several high‐quality, repeatable and economical enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been commercialized for testing EBV‐related antibodies, including VCA‐IgA and EA‐IgA,10 IgA and IgG antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1‐IgA and IgG),12 IgA and IgG antibodies against BZLF1 transcription activator protein (Zta‐IgA and IgG)13, 14 and IgA and IgG antibodies against BRLF1 transcription activator protein (Rta‐IgA and IgG) 15. Among these markers, EBNA1 is one of the earliest viral proteins expressed after primary EBV infection and the only latent protein consistently expressed in EBV‐associated tumors 16.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of VCA and EBNA1 IgA‐based combination by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as preferred screening method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two‐stage design with a preliminary performance study and a mass screening in southern China

Liu

Huang

Liu

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

124

136

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A two-stage study was conducted in southern China to determine and validate an optimal combination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related seromarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening. In the first stage, six seromarkers [VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1-IgA), EBNA1-IgG, Zta-IgA and Rta-IgG] were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and two traditional NPC screening seromarkers (VCA-IgA and EA-IgA) were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in serum samples from 191 NPC patients and 337 controls. An optimal combination of seromarkers for NPC diagnosis was selected using logistic regression models. Results showed that the diagnostic performances of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA tested by ELISA were superior to the performances of the same seromarkers by IFA. VCA-IgA combined with EBNA1-IgA by ELISA was identified as the optimal combination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) up to 0.97, a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 94.1% for classification of NPCs vs. controls. In the second stage, 5,481 participants aged 30-59 years and without clinical evidence of NPC were recruited into a population-based NPC screening program from May 2008 to February 2009 in Sihui City, China. Their sera were tested simultaneously by both the new and the traditional screening schemes and eight early stage NPC patients were subsequently histopathologically confirmed. The traditional and the new screening schemes had comparable specificity (estimated as 98.5%), but the sensitivity of the new scheme (75.0%) was significantly higher than that of the traditional one (25.0%). The combination of VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA by ELISA outperforms the traditional NPC screening scheme and could become the preferred serodiagnostic strategy for NPC screening in high-incidence areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Establishment of VCA and EBNA1 IgA‐based combination by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as preferred screening method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two‐stage design with a preliminary performance study and a mass screening in southern China

Liu

Huang

Liu

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

124

136

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“…The samples were taken to the central laboratory at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) through cold‐chain transportation within 6 hours and then stored at −80°C before testing. Following the manufactures’ instructions, the two screening markers VCA‐IgA (EUROIMMUNAG, Lübeck, Germany) and EBNA1‐IgA (Zhongshan Bio‐Tech Company, Zhongshan, China) were measured using the commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits . Levels of EBV antibodies were standardized by calculating a ratio of the optical density (OD) of the sample over that of a reference control (rOD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the manufactures' instructions, the two screening markers VCA-IgA (EUROIMMUNAG, Lübeck, Germany) and EBNA1-IgA (Zhongshan Bio-Tech Company, Zhongshan, China) were measured using the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. 31,33,34 Levels of EBV antibodies were standardized by calculating a ratio of the optical density (OD) of the sample over that of a reference control (rOD). According to the ELISA kits' standards, the positive criteria were ≥0.7 for EBNA1-IgA and ≥0.8 for VCA-IgA.…”

Section: Ebv Serological Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking can increase nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by repeatedly reactivating Epstein‐Barr Virus: An analysis of a prospective study in southern China

Lin

Xie

et al. 2019

Cancer Medicine

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Background The association between smoking and nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to validate smoking effect on NPC and explore if smoking can induce NPC by persistently reactivating EBV in long‐term based on a prospective cohort design. Methods A NPC screening cohort with 10 181 eligible residents in Sihui city, southern China was conducted from 2008 to 2015. The smoking habit was investigated through the trained interviewers and EBV antibodies ( VCA ‐IgA, EBNA 1‐IgA) as screening markers were tested periodically. New NPC cases were identified through local cancer registry. Cox's regression model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios ( aHR s) of smoking on NPC incidence. In the non‐ NPC participants, the associations between smoking and EBV seropositivity in different periods were assessed by logistic regression and generalized estimating equations ( GEE ). Results With a median of 7.54 years, 71 NPC s were diagnosed ≥1 year after recruitment. Compared with never smokers, the aHR s of developing NPC among ever smokers were 3.00 (95% CI : 1.46‐6.16). Stratified by sex, the HR s of ever smoking were 2.59 (95% CI : 1.07‐6.23) for male and 3.75 (95% CI : 1.25‐11.20) for female, respectively. Among the non‐ NPC individuals, ever smoking was not only associated with EBV seropositivity at baseline, but also in the 3‐5 years of follow up, with adjusted odds ratios ( aOR s) of 1.68 (95% CI : 1.29‐2.18) for VCA ‐IgA and 1.92 (95% CI : 1.42‐2.59) for EBNA 1‐IgA. Among the smokers who were tested EBV antibodies at least twice, the similar results were obtained using GEE. Conclusion Smoking could significantly increase the long‐term risk of NPC in southern China, partly by persistently reactivating EBV .

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Negative Prognostic Impact of Smoking on Long-term Survival in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Curative (Chemo)radiotherapy

PALA,

NOVAKOVA,

DRBOHLAVOVA

et al. 2023

In Vivo

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Epstein-Barr Viral Antigens Used in the Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Establishment of VCA and EBNA1 IgA‐based combination by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as preferred screening method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two‐stage design with a preliminary performance study and a mass screening in southern China

Establishment of VCA and EBNA1 IgA‐based combination by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as preferred screening method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two‐stage design with a preliminary performance study and a mass screening in southern China

Smoking can increase nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by repeatedly reactivating Epstein‐Barr Virus: An analysis of a prospective study in southern China

Negative Prognostic Impact of Smoking on Long-term Survival in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Curative (Chemo)radiotherapy

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