The stress partitioning between phases, phase stress relaxation as well as origins of Al/SiC p composite strengthening are studied in the present work. In this aim, the measurements of lattice strains by neutron diffraction were performed in situ during tensile test up to sample fracture. The experimental results were compared with results of elastic-plastic self-consistent model. It was found that thermal origin phase stresses relax at the beginning of plastic deformation of Al/SiC p composite. The evolution of lattice strains in both phases can be correctly simulated by the elastic-plastic self-consistent model only if the relaxation of initial stresses is taken into account. A major role in the strengthening of the studied composite plays a transfer of stresses to the SiC p reinforcement, however the hardness of Al metal matrix is also important.