“…Neodymium has six stable isotopes; two of them, 145 Nd 3+ and 143 Nd 3+ (8.3 and 12.17% of nature abundance, I = 7/2), are odd isotopes with a non-zero magnetic moment. At low temperatures, Nd 3+ in BaTiO 3 [16] or in other hosts [25,26,27] creates 17 ESR lines: one strong line caused by all non-magnetic isotopes with I = 0 and two hyperfine octets by 145 Nd 3+ and 143 Nd 3+ [25,26,27], as shown in Figure 5a. For Nd-doped BaTiO 3 crystals, this signal is comparatively weak; at T ≥ 10 K, the spectrum of Nd 3+ vanishes [16].…”