2014
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410396
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EPR‐Based Approach for the Localization of Paramagnetic Metal Ions in Biomolecules

Abstract: Metal ions play an important role in the catalysis and folding of proteins and oligonucleotides. Their localization within the three-dimensional fold of such biomolecules is therefore an important goal in understanding structure-function relationships. A trilateration approach for the localization of metal ions by means of long-range distance measurements based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is introduced. The approach is tested on the Cu(2+) center of azurin, and factors affecting the precision of t… Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(65 citation statements)
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“…It has also been successfully applied to determine the distances between other types of paramagnetic centers in biomolecules, 8 such as Cu 2+ -Cu 2+ , 9,10 Gd 3+ -Gd 3+ , [11][12][13] Mn 2+ -Mn 2+ , 14 pairs of iron-sulfur clusters 15,16 and trityl-trityl radicals. 17,18 Biomolecular heterospin label distance measurements, including nitroxideÀCu 2+ , [19][20][21] nitroxide-iron-sulfur cluster 22 and nitroxide-Gd 3+ , 23,24 have also been reported. A recent important alternative application of DEER, in combination with site directed spin labelling, has been locating metal ion binding sites by means of paramagnetic metal ionnitroxide distance measurements in a biomolecule, as has been demonstrated on Cu 2+ binding sites.…”
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confidence: 98%
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“…It has also been successfully applied to determine the distances between other types of paramagnetic centers in biomolecules, 8 such as Cu 2+ -Cu 2+ , 9,10 Gd 3+ -Gd 3+ , [11][12][13] Mn 2+ -Mn 2+ , 14 pairs of iron-sulfur clusters 15,16 and trityl-trityl radicals. 17,18 Biomolecular heterospin label distance measurements, including nitroxideÀCu 2+ , [19][20][21] nitroxide-iron-sulfur cluster 22 and nitroxide-Gd 3+ , 23,24 have also been reported. A recent important alternative application of DEER, in combination with site directed spin labelling, has been locating metal ion binding sites by means of paramagnetic metal ionnitroxide distance measurements in a biomolecule, as has been demonstrated on Cu 2+ binding sites.…”
mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…17,18 Biomolecular heterospin label distance measurements, including nitroxideÀCu 2+ , [19][20][21] nitroxide-iron-sulfur cluster 22 and nitroxide-Gd 3+ , 23,24 have also been reported. 19,21 Metal ions play a crucial role in RNA structure and function. 19,21 Metal ions play a crucial role in RNA structure and function.…”
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confidence: 98%
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“…If the ligand can be spin-labelled or the metal ion is paramagnetic, they can be localized by a distance matrix approach [36] or by an approach akin to the global positioning system (GPS), where the position of an observer can be determined by at least three distance measurements to reference sites [37]. The distance matrix approach tests and relaxes the assumption of a rigid reference domain at the expense of additional measurements between reference points.…”
Section: Model Building With Epr Restraintsmentioning
confidence: 99%