Epoxyalkane:Coenzyme M Transferase in the Ethene and Vinyl Chloride Biodegradation Pathways of
            <i>Mycobacterium</i>
            Strain JS60

Coleman, Nicholas V.; Spain, Jim C.

doi:10.1128/jb.185.18.5536-5545.2003

Cited by 96 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The same PCR conditions as in the original works were used (Hendrickson et al, 2002;Coleman and Spain, 2003a). The DNA samples were also subjected to PCR with specific primers for the EaCoMT gene (CoM-F1L and CoM-R2E) which codes for the enzyme epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase that is involved in the aerobic degradation of VC and ethene (Coleman and Spain, 2003b;Danko et al, 2006). DNA from Nocardioides sp JS 614 (Coleman et al, 2002) and from the KB-1 mixed culture (SiREM, Guelph, ON, Canada) was used as positive control for the EaCoMT gene and Dehalococcoides, respectively.…”

Section: Molecular Biology Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tThe occurrence of chlorinated ethene transformation in a streambed was investigated using concentration and carbon isotope data from water samples taken at different locations and depths within a 15 × 25 m study area across which a tetrachloroethene (PCE) plume discharges. Furthermore, it was evaluated how the degree of transformation is related to groundwater discharge rates, redox conditions, solid organic matter content (SOM) and microbial factors. Groundwater discharge rates were quantified based on streambed temperatures, and redox conditions using concentrations of dissolved redox-sensitive species. The degree of chlorinated ethene transformation was highly variable in space from no transformation to transformation beyond ethene. Complete reductive dechlorination to ethane and ethene occurred at locations with at least sulfate-reducing conditions and with a residence time in the samples streambed zone (80 cm depth) of at least 10 days. Among these locations, Dehalococcoides was detected using a PCR method where SOM contents were N 2% w/w and where transformation proceeded beyond ethene. However, it was not detected at locations with low SOM, which may cause an insufficient H 2 supply to sustain a detectably dense Dehalococcoides population. Additionally, it is possible that other organisms are responsible for the biodegradation. A microcosm study with streambed sediments demonstrated the potential of VC oxidation throughout the site even at locations without a pre-exposure to VC, consistent with the detection of the epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase (EaCoMT) gene involved in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes via epoxidation. In contrast, no aerobic transformation of cDCE in microcosms over a period of 1.5 years was observed. In summary, the study demonstrated that carbon isotope analysis is a sensitive tool to identify the degree of chlorinated ethene transformation even in hydrologically and geochemically complex streambed systems. In addition, it was observed that the degree of transformation is related to redox conditions, which in turn depend on groundwater discharge rates.

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Section: Molecular Biology Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…The calculated AKIEC for oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by permanganate is in the range of AKIEC ) 1.016-1.028 (Table 6), which is in good agreement with the reference value of KIEC ) 1.024 reported by Houk and co-workers (58) (see Table 2). In the case of microbial oxidation of substituted ethenes, which occurs probably by epoxidation (78), much smaller values of 1.001, 1.000, and 1.003-1.008 are calculated for trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) (see Table 7). For VC, the values are again comparable to the reference KIEC ) 1.011 that was measured for chemical epoxidation by m-Cl perbenzoic acid (50) (see Table 2).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Published Isotope Fractionation Data In Terms mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Concept Linking Observable Stable Isotope Fractionation to Transformation Pathways of Organic Pollutants

Elsner

Zwank

Hunkeler

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

502

803

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Measuring stable isotope fractionation of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements by Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is a new, innovative approach to assess organic pollutant degradation in the environment. Central to this concept is the Rayleigh equation which relates degradation-induced decreases in concentrations directly to concomitant changes in bulk () average over the whole compound) isotope ratios. The extent of in situ transformation may therefore be inferred from measured isotope ratios in field samples, provided that an appropriate enrichment factor ( bulk ) is known. This bulk value, however, is usually only valid for a specific compound and for specific degradation conditions. Therefore, a direct comparison of bulk values for different compounds and for different types of reactions has in general not been feasible. In addition, it is often uncertain how robust and reproducible bulk values are and how confidently they can be used to quantify contaminant degradation in the field. To improve this situation and to achieve a more in-depth understanding, this critical review aims to relate fundamental insight about kinetic isotope effects (KIE) found in the physico(bio)chemical literature to apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIE) derived from bulk values reported in environmentally oriented studies. Starting from basic rate laws, a quite general derivation of the Rayleigh equation is given, resulting in a novel set of simple equations that take into account the effects of (1) nonreacting positions and (2) intramolecular competition and that lead to position-specific AKIE values rather than bulk enrichment factors. Reevaluation of existing bulk literature values result in consistent ranges of AKIE values that generally are in good agreement with previously published data in the (bio)-chemical literature and are typical of certain degradation reactions (subscripts C and H indicate values for carbon and hydrogen): AKIE C ) 1.01-1.03 and AKIE H ) 2-23 for oxidation of C-H bonds; AKIE C ) 1.03-1.07 for S N 2-

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“…Significant carbon isotope fractionation was previously reported for aerobic oxidation of VC (-3.2 to -8.2‰) (17,18), for reductive dechlorination of VC (-22.4 to -31.1‰) (19)(20)(21), and for reductive dechlorination of cDCE (-14.1 to -20.4‰) (19,21) while no data are available so far for aerobic cDCE degradation. Aerobic oxidation of VC involves the formation of an epoxide at the carbon double bond as an initial rate-limiting step (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Since the C-Cl bonds remain intact during the initial step, only a secondary chlorine isotope effect is expected, caused by the presence of a heavy isotope in a position adjacent to the reactive center.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

158

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The study investigated carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during aerobic oxidation and reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE). The experimental data followed a Rayleigh trend. For aerobic oxidation, the average carbon isotope enrichment factors were -7.2‰ and -8.5‰ for VC and cDCE, respectively, while average chlorine isotope enrichment factors were only -0.3‰ for both compounds. These values are consistent with an initial transformation by epoxidation for which a significant primary carbon isotope effect and only a small secondary chlorine isotope effect is expected. For reductive dechlorination, larger carbon isotope enrichment factors of -25.2‰ for VC and -18.5‰ for cDCE were observed consistent with previous studies. Although the average chlorine isotope enrichment factors were larger than those of aerobic oxidation (-1.8‰ for VC, -1.5‰ for cDCE), they were not as large as typically expected for a primary chlorine isotope effect suggesting that no cleavage of C-Cl bonds takes place during the initial ratelimiting step. The ratio of isotope enrichment factors for chlorine and carbon were substantially different for the two reaction mechanisms suggesting that the reaction mechanisms can be differentiated at the field scale using a dual isotope approach.

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Epoxyalkane:Coenzyme M Transferase in the Ethene and Vinyl Chloride Biodegradation Pathways of Mycobacterium Strain JS60

Cited by 96 publications

References 62 publications

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

A New Concept Linking Observable Stable Isotope Fractionation to Transformation Pathways of Organic Pollutants

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

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