Epoxy Resins

Muskopf, John W.; McCollister, Susan B.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_547

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Epoxy res ins are generally prepared by the coupling of epichlorohydrin with compounds that possess at least two reactive hydrogen atoms (Muskopf and McCollister 1987). The reaction products of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A resulted in the first commercial epoxy resins, which are generally mixtures of monomeric diglycidyl ether of bis phenol A (DGEBA), with a molecular weight (MW) of 340 Da, and oligomers with a higher MW.…”

Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DGEBA epoxy resins with a low average MW of 350-400 Da are liquids with a relatively high viscosity, and they contain monomeric DGEBA up to more than 90%. Resins with an average MW of over than 900 Da are solids (Muskopf and McCollister 1987), but may contain even more than 15% DGEBA (Henriks-Eckerman and Laijoki 1986b).…”

Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, brominated epoxy res ins are semisolids and resistant to ignition, and epoxy novolacs exhibit better high-temperature performance and chemical resistance than DGEBA epoxy resins. Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) is one of the non-DGEBA epoxy resins (Table 1), but is mainly used in thermo setting one-component powder polyester paints as a harden er (Muskopf and McCollister 1987). …”

Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tables 3-6 When epoxy resins are used in two-component products, the hardeners are added to the resins immediately before the application, and the subsequent cross linking occurs at either an ambient or an elevated temperature. Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyamines are low-viscosity liquids which react readily with epoxy resins at ambient temperatures; less reactive aromatic polyamines require an elevated curing temperature (Muskopf and McCollister 1987). 3-Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) is an aliphatic alkyl polyamine harden er (Fig.…”

Section: Hardenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the anhydrides, the cross-linking re action is achieved using tertiary amines (Table 6) as catalysts and an elevated curing temperature (50-200°C). The anhydrides used as epoxy hardeners include, for example, phthalic anhydride (PA) and PA derivatives (Muskopf and McCollister 1987;Jolanki et al 1997b). The typicallatent curing agents in powder epoxy paints are composed of about 4% hardeners, such as dicyandiamide or pyromellitic anhydride.…”

Section: Hardenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy Resins

Jolanki¹,

Kanerva²,

Estlander³

2000

Handbook of Occupational Dermatology

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Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epoxy Resins

Jolanki¹,

Kanerva²,

Estlander³

2000

Handbook of Occupational Dermatology

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Synthesis and properties of flame‐retardant epoxy resins based on DOPO and one of its analog DPPO

Schäfer

Seibold

Lohstroh³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

151

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Two phosphorus-containing heterocyclic flame retardants -9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 2,8-dimethyl-phenoxaphosphin-10-oxide (DPPO) -and their derivatives were characterized and incorporated in the backbone of epoxy novolac to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resins. The structures and spectroscopic data including high-resolution mass spectroscopy of these flame retardants were determined. Flameretardant epoxy resins with a phosphorus content of up to 2% based on heterocyclic DOPO and DPPO were cured with 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and their features were examined by UL 94, LOI, and DSC. In this manner, high-performance polymers with glass transition temperatures around 1908C and the UL 94 rating V0 were obtained. These polymers were compared with epoxy resins incorporating diphenyl phosphite and diphenyl phosphate, which are nonheterocyclic and do not pass the UL 94 test up to 2% phosphorus. DPPO has a similar flame retardancy like the commercially available DOPO. Furthermore, to explain the difference in the efficiency of the tested flame retardants, key experiments for the determination of the active species during the flame-retarding process were performed and the PO radical was identified 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: [685][686][687][688][689][690][691][692][693][694][695][696] 2007

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Phosphorus‐containing terephthaldialdehyde adducts—Structure determination and their application as flame retardants in epoxy resins

Seibold

Schäfer

Lohstroh³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two novel phosphorus-rich prepolymers based on epoxy novolac and terephthaldialdehyde and potential flame retardants, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 2,8-dimethyl-phenoxaphosphin-10-oxide (DPPO) were synthesised. The resultant flame-retardant epoxy resins were cured with 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 4,4 0 -diamino-dicyclohexylmethane (PACM). Their flammability and burning behavior were characterised by UL 94 and LOI and compared with analogue prepolymers based on diethylphosphite (DEPP). The glass transition temperatures were determined by DSC measurements. Furthermore, the structures of two exemplary molecules based on p-tolylaldehyde adducts were examined by XRD and NMR analysis to determine the possibilities of linking the two novel DOPO and DPPO derivatives to the backbone of the epoxy resin. Additionally, the char yields were determined by TG analysis and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy of the thermosets used and compared with each other to obtain more information about the possible mode of flame-retardant action of the different phosphorus compounds.

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Epoxy Resins

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Epoxy Resins

Epoxy Resins

Synthesis and properties of flame‐retardant epoxy resins based on DOPO and one of its analog DPPO

Phosphorus‐containing terephthaldialdehyde adducts—Structure determination and their application as flame retardants in epoxy resins

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