Epoxy adhesives toughened with waste tire powder, nanoclay, and phenolic resin for metal-polymer lap-joint applications

Aliakbari, Maryam; Jazani, Omid Moini; Sohrabian, Majid

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105291

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This further decreased the toughness or the area under the stress–strain curve significantly. [ 5,18 ] Maximum toughness was observed at phenolic resin dosage of 10 phr and BCP dosage of 2.5 phr, which was 18% higher than the pure epoxy. This sample also showed 17% higher tensile strength than the pure epoxy, which was due to the interactions of the butyl acrylate and hydroxyl groups on the phenolic resin with the epoxy ring, leading to what we know as ring‐opening reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This can be because of improved mechanisms of toughness due to the presence of NPs; these mechanisms included nanoparticle debonding, crack deviation, and crack tip blunting, to name a few. [ 18 ] The maximum toughness was 291.60, which was 139% higher than that of the epoxy/10‐phr phenolic resin. At the NP dosage of 5 phr, however, a reduction in the toughness was observed as the NPs tend to interact with one another rather than the epoxy/10‐phr phenolic resin as the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigation of thermal stability of this specimen as well as pure epoxy adhesive showed that the initial and maximum degradation temperatures increased by 31 and 46°C, respectively, compared to those of the pure epoxy adhesive. [ 18 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigation of thermal stability of this specimen as well as pure epoxy adhesive showed that the initial and maximum degradation temperatures increased by 31 and 46 C, respectively, compared to those of the pure epoxy adhesive. [18] The present research is aimed at investigating the effect of alumina NPs and butyl acrylate-block-styrene copolymer on mechanical and thermal characteristics of nanocomposite epoxy-based adhesives through studying the microstructure and mechanisms of toughness. Because epoxy adhesives are inherently brittle, block copolymer is used as a toughening agent and alumina NPs is used to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the adhesive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and characterization of high‐performance epoxy adhesive with block copolymer and alumina nanoparticles in aluminum‐aluminum bonded joints: Mechanical properties, lap shear strength, and thermal stability

2022

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In this research, phenolic resin and poly (butyl‐acrylate‐block‐styrene) copolymer were used in the formulation of epoxy adhesive to improve its thermal stability and toughness. Also, in order to improve the mechanical properties such as the modulus and tensile strength, aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were added to the epoxy based resin. Effects of different factors such as percent contents of phenolic resin, toughening agent, and aluminum oxide NPs on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the epoxy‐based adhesives were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the prepared epoxy adhesive samples. In addition, the curing kinetics of the optimal specimens was studied based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results indicated that the phenolic decreased strength of dog‐bone samples, while increased the adhesion strength in metal‐to‐metal single‐lap strength. On the other hand, addition of block‐copolymers as toughening agent led to a consistent decrease in the modulus as well as increasing the tensile strength. Also, results of single‐lap strength tests showed that, in the optimal quad system, the four components exhibit synergetic effects and show a single‐lap strength that is 152% higher than that of pure epoxy. The DSC analysis indicated that the presence of alumina NPs and block‐copolymers tend to reduce the initial curing temperature while increasing the curing reaction heat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and characterization of high‐performance epoxy adhesive with block copolymer and alumina nanoparticles in aluminum‐aluminum bonded joints: Mechanical properties, lap shear strength, and thermal stability

2022

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“…Thus, the use of waste elastomers was investigated in the case of epoxy structural adhesive formulations in which the shear strength of epoxy-based recipe of DGEBA cured with triethylenetetramine (TETA) was improved by 64% for steel-epoxy carbon fiber composite joint, by just using 10 wt.% of recycled tire waste powder [ 101 ]. This type of formulations not only consumes and valorizes rubber wastes, but also decreases the manufacturing costs of the final adhesive, while improving the shear strength of the final ABJ.…”

Section: Eco-friendly Emergent Structural Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Adhesives and Surface Treatments for Structural Applications: Recent Developments on Sustainability and Implementation for Metal and Composite Substrates

et al. 2020

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Using adhesives for connection technology has many benefits. It is cost-efficient, fast, and allows homogeneous stress distribution between the bonded surfaces. This paper gives an overview on the current state of knowledge regarding the technologically important area of adhesive materials, as well as on emergent related technologies. It is expected to fill some of the technological gaps between the existing literature and industrial reality, by focusing at opportunities and challenges in the adhesives sector, on sustainable and eco-friendly chemistries that enable bio-derived adhesives, recycling and debonding, as well as giving a brief overview on the surface treatment approaches involved in the adhesive application process, with major focus on metal and polymer matrix composites. Finally, some thoughts on the connection between research and development (R&D) efforts, industry standards and regulatory aspects are given. It contributes to bridge the gap between industry and research institutes/academy. Examples from the aeronautics industry are often used since many technological advances in this industry are innovation precursors for other industries. This paper is mainly addressed to chemists, materials scientists, materials engineers, and decision-makers.

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Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

Yao

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Herein, the ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazole bromide salt ([DMBIm] Br) was synthesized and its chemical structure was characterized via Fourier transform infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Moreover, to improve the electrical property of the phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF/[DMBIm]Br systems were prepared via a melt blending and compression-curing process. Furthermore, the effect of [DMBIm]Br content on the thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, electrical properties, and morphologies of the systems was investigated. The thermal stability of the systems increased with [DMBIm]Br addition. The impact strength of the systems improved with increasing [DMBIm]Br content. Additionally, the volume resistance of the systems significantly decreased from 1.02 Â 10 9 to 1.64 Â 10 7 Ω with increasing [DMBIm]Br content from 0 to 1 wt%.

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Epoxy adhesives toughened with waste tire powder, nanoclay, and phenolic resin for metal-polymer lap-joint applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Design and characterization of high‐performance epoxy adhesive with block copolymer and alumina nanoparticles in aluminum‐aluminum bonded joints: Mechanical properties, lap shear strength, and thermal stability

Design and characterization of high‐performance epoxy adhesive with block copolymer and alumina nanoparticles in aluminum‐aluminum bonded joints: Mechanical properties, lap shear strength, and thermal stability

Review on Adhesives and Surface Treatments for Structural Applications: Recent Developments on Sustainability and Implementation for Metal and Composite Substrates

Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

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