Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature lubricants

Adhvaryu, Atanu; Erhan, Sevim Z.

doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(01)00120-0

Cited by 401 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since similar 1 H-NMR spectra can be observed for SO and its derivatives apart from the intensity difference in the double bonds and epoxy region, only the spectra of LO and its derivatives are shown here. Assignments for signals based on the partly epoxidized LO in the range of δ = 0-6 ppm are displayed in Table 1 [9,[32][33][34]. As characteristic signals of ELO ® , the epoxy groups are observed at 2.85-3.21 ppm region.…”

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The reactivity of linseed and soybean oil with different epoxidation degree towards vinyl acetate and impact of the resulting copolymer on the wood durability

Jebrane¹,

Cai²,

Sandström³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Linseed (LO) and soybean oil (SO) were in-situ epoxidized with peracetic acid to produce different degree of epoxidized LO and epoxidized SO. For comparison purpose, commercial epoxidized linseed oil (ELO ® ) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO ® ) were also included in the study. The effect of epoxidation degree on the copolymerization reaction between epoxidized oils and vinyl acetate (VAc) was investigated. Results showed that a copolymer can be formed between VAc and epoxidized LO with high epoxy content, while no reaction occurred between VAc and SO or its epoxidized derivatives. As the most reactive monomer among the studied oils, the epoxidized LO with highest epoxy content (i.e. ELO ® ) was mixed with VAc and then impregnated into the wood using three different ELO ® /VAc formulations either as solution or as emulsions. After curing, the impact of the resulting copolymer issued from the three tested formulations on the wood durability was evaluated. Results showed that the formulation comprising VAc, ELO ® , H 2 O, K 2 S 2 O 8 and alkaline emulsifier (Formulation 3) can significantly improve wood's durability against white rot-(Trametes versicolor) and brown rot fungi (Postia placenta and Coniophora puteana). Treated wood of 8% weight percentage gain (WPG) was sufficient to ensure decay resistance against the test fungi with less than 5% mass loss.

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Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The reactivity of linseed and soybean oil with different epoxidation degree towards vinyl acetate and impact of the resulting copolymer on the wood durability

Jebrane¹,

Cai²,

Sandström³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…The oxidation test onset temperature is relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability in material evaluated for given heating and oxidation environment. Table 1 indicates an improvement of the oxidative stability in synthesized of the epoxidized Tmp trioleate, this is due to the removal of unsaturation in fatty acids chain [13]. While the flow behavior showed increasing on temperature -58.81 °C of Tmp trioleate to -17.32 °C of epoxidized Tmp trioleate.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Biolubricantsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of epoxidized Tmp trioleate by in situ method

Samidin¹,

Salimon²

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Tmp trioleate was initially synthesized via esterification of trimetilolprapane and oleic acid (90%) using 1.5% of H2SO4 as a catalyst. The production of Tmp trioleate was observed at 98% (w/w). The iodine value of Tmp trioleate was analyzed for further reaction of epoxidation. Epoxide was important reaction as an intermediate for preparation of chemical modified lubricants from vegetable oils. Finding the best way of epoxidation process will give high quality for further modification of oil instead of reduce the cost and time for the preparation process during reaction of epoxidation. In this study, the epoxidation of unsaturation Tmp trioleate with peroxyformic acid generated in-situ from hydrogen peroxide 30% in H2O2 with formic acid was studied. 95% conversion to oxygen oxirane content (OOC) ring was obtained. The derivatization showed an improvement of the compound's oxidative stability evidenced from pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) data which are 177°C to 200°C. Physicochemical properties showed increasing of temperature of flash point from 280°C to 300°C and viscosity index (VI) from 146 to 154. However, the pour point showed increasing temperature which was -58.81°C to -17.32°C. From the data obtained, these derivatives have shown better performance of lubricity properties. Overall, the data indicates that these performances are compatible to the commercial lubricants.

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“…Observa-se no espectro da resina epóxi os principais picos característicos relativos à sua estrutura [11][12][13][14] , com destaque para os picos referentes ao anel epóxi, localizados na região do espectro entre 800 e 830 cm -1 , bem como em 1230 cm -1 . Segundo a literatura [13] , o acompanhamento destes picos, em estudos dinâmicos aplicando a técnica de FT-IR no processo de reticulação de resinas epóxi na presença de aminas, mostra seu progressivo desaparecimento com a progressão da reação de reticulação, bem como o aparecimento de um pico largo entre 3300 e 3500 cm -1 , correspondente ao grupo hidroxila, confirmando o mecanismo de reação apresentado anteriormente na Figura 2. No caso do espectro na região do infravermelho do OSE, podem ser identificados diversos picos correspondentes às características estruturais deste plastificante secundário [15] , sendo notório o pico na região de 1740 cm -1 , correspondente ao grupo éster, responsável pela polaridade necessária à compatibilização com a resina de PVC. Importante notar que, embora visíveis, os picos relativos ao anel epóxi entre 800 e 830 cm -1 são bastante discretos e, mais importante, não prejudicam a possibilidade de visualização dos picos correspondentes na resina epóxi e seu acompanhamento nas diferentes formulações de plastissol avaliadas neste trabalho.…”

Section: Espectroscopia No Infravermelho Por Transformada De Fourier unclassified

Reticulação de plastissóis de PVC utilizando resina epóxi polifuncional: Síntese e caracterização

Carvalho¹,

Mei²,

Rodolfo³

2013

Polímeros

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Resumo: Plastissois reticulados de PVC foram obtidos por meio de espalmagem, na presença de uma resina epóxi polifuncional tipo tetraglicidilmetilenodianilina (TGMDA). A presença de um amino acelerador, baseado numa poliaminoamida comercial, mostrou-se imprescindível para a ocorrência de reticulação das cadeias do PVC. Resultados de grau de reticulação mostraram que só houve formação de gel nas amostras onde o amino acelerador foi utilizado concomitantemente com a resina epóxi, evidenciando uma sinergia entre ambos. Apesar dos resultados de módulo de Young sugerirem a formação de uma rede tridimensional entre as moléculas do PVC e a resina epóxi, a comprovação de uma reação química de reticulação entre o PVC e a resina epóxi não foi possível, devido ao grande numero de moléculas presentes na formulação final. Entretanto, a evidência de que a reticulação de fato ocorreu poderá vir de estudos mais detalhados e o uso de outras técnicas de caracterização complementares, já iniciados. Palavras-chave: PVC, poli(cloreto de vinila), plastissol, resina epóxi, polímeros hiperramificados, reticulação. Crosslinking of PVC Plastisols Using a Polyfunctional Epoxy Resin: Synthesis and CharacterizationAbstract: PVC plastisols, crosslinked in the presence of a polyfunctional epoxy resin, were obtained via spread coating. It was possible to infer that the presence of an amine type accelerator, at least in the conditions used in this study, proved to be essential for crosslinking. The results of reticulation degree showed that gel formation only happened in samples where the amine type accelerator has been used concomitantly with the epoxy resin. The results of Young's modulus seem to confirm the hypothesis of formation of a three dimensional network between the molecules of PVC and epoxy resin, but it was not possible to confirm a chemical reaction between these two polymers because of the large number of molecules present in the formulation. Evidence that crosslinking actually occurred may come from more detailed studies and the use of complementary characterization techniques, which are underway.

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Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature lubricants

Cited by 401 publications

References 11 publications

The reactivity of linseed and soybean oil with different epoxidation degree towards vinyl acetate and impact of the resulting copolymer on the wood durability

The reactivity of linseed and soybean oil with different epoxidation degree towards vinyl acetate and impact of the resulting copolymer on the wood durability

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of epoxidized Tmp trioleate by in situ method

Reticulação de plastissóis de PVC utilizando resina epóxi polifuncional: Síntese e caracterização

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