Epoxidation of methyl esters derived from Jatropha oil: An optimization study

Abstract

RESUMEN Epoxidación de ésteres metílicos derivados del aceite de Jatropha: Optimización del estudioSe ha evaluado la optimización de la reacción de epoxidación de ésteres metílicos obtenidos a partir de aceite de Jatropha. Se ha empleado para el diseño experimental una metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM), basada en un diseño compuesto central giratorio (CCRD). Cuatro variables de la reacción fueron evaluadas: relación molar peróxi-do de hidrógeno/C=C, relación molar ácido fórmico/C=C, temperatura de reacción y tiempo de reacción. Las condiciones óptimas de epoxidación calculadas por el modelo cuadrático fueron 3.12 moles de peróxido de hidrógeno/C=C moles, 0.96 moles de ácido fórmico/C=C moles, una temperatura de reacción de 70.0 °C y un tiempo de reacción de 277 minutos. Una reacción optimizada mediante los parámetros propuestos del proceso proporciona un rendimiento de 92.89 ± 1.29% en peso con un tiempo de reacción relativamente mejorado. La concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno y la temperatura de la reacción fueron las variables más significativas, además la temperatura de la reacción y la concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno mostraron fuertes interacciones. Los ésteres metílicos epoxidados se analizaron mediante FT-IR, 1H RMN y RMN de 13C. Este estudio indica que se requiere una proporción molar relativamente mayor de ácido fórmico que la propuesta en la literatura. PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceite epoxidado de JatrophaCaracterización -Metodología de superficie -Optimización -Respuesta. SUMMARY Epoxidation of methyl esters derived from Jatropha oil: An optimization studyThe optimization of the epoxidation reaction of methyl esters obtained from Jatropha oil was appraised. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed for the experimental design. Four reaction variables namely hydrogen peroxide/ C=C mole ratio, formic acid/C=C mole ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were evaluated. The optimum epoxidation conditions calculated by the quadratic model were 3.12 moles of hydrogen peroxide/C=C moles, 0.96 moles of formic acid/C=C moles, a reaction temperature of 70.0 °C and a reaction time of 277 minutes. A reaction optimized by the proposed process parameters provided a yield of 92.89 ± 1.29 wt.% with relatively improved reaction time. Hydrogen peroxide concentration and reaction temperature were found to be the most significant variables while reaction temperature and hydrogen peroxide showed strong interactions. The epoxidized methyl esters were analyzed using FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR techniques. This study suggested relatively higher molar ratio of formic acid required than was proposed in the literature.

New hydraulic biolubricants based on passion fruit and moringa oils and their epoxy

“…These results confirm that the process of epoxidation for both oils in natura occurred (Adhvaryu and Erhan, 2002;Petrovic et al, 2002;Dinda et al, 2008;Meyer et al, 2008;Milchert et al, 2010;Mushtaq et al, 2013). It is observed that the presence of the additive increases the viscosity of the fluids of passion fruit oil in natura without additives (PFO) and the moringa oil in natura without additive (MO), and that after its epoxidations, this increase also occurs.…”

Epoxidation of Jatropha Methyl Esters via Acidic Ion Exchange Resin: Optimization and Characterization

“…The spectrum of CJO, which consists mainly of triglycerides, was generated as a baseline prior to reaction. The spectrum associated with a typical glyceride profile was compared with previous works (Kouame et al, 2012;Mushtaq et al, 2013). The spectrum of CJO showed the existence of unsaturation in the range of 5.27-5.32 ppm and 2.00 ppm and glycerol in the range of 4.0-4.27 ppm.…”

“…The role of hydrogen peroxide is directly associated with acetic acid in the formation of peroxyacetic acid. However, its role is more significant because it is consumed during the reaction, but acetic acid is regenerated after their oxygen atom is utilized (Goud et al, 2010;Mushtaq et al, 2013).…”

“…It is described as the formation of an oxirane group by the reaction of peroxyacids and aromatic double bonds. Basically, this process is conducted with the presence of organic acid (formic or acetic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and catalysts (Campanella et al, 2008;Mushtaq et al, 2013;Latif et. al., 2019).…”

Optimization of the epoxidation of linseed oil using response surface methodology

“…More recently, experimental designs and statistical analyses have been employed to evaluate the effects of and to optimize the epoxidation process conditions. Response surface methodology, a statistical method often used in chemical and biochemical engineering, was employed to optimize the epoxidation of vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil [21][22][23] and castor oil [24], as well as vegetable oil derivatives such as sucrose soyate [25] and methyl esters derived from castor oil [26], jatropha oil [27], and waste cooking oil [28]. Besides reducing the required experimental work, this approach enables not only the determination of the process conditions for reaching the highest epoxy yield, but also the evaluation of an interactive effect among the process conditions.…”