Epoetin alpha prevents anaemia and reduces transfusion requirements in patients undergoing primarily platinum-based chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer

Thatcher, Nick; Campos, E S De; Bell, Daniel; Steward, W.; Varghese, George; Morant, Rudolf; Vansteenkiste, J.; Rosso, R; Ewers, S-B; Sundal, E; Schatzmann, E; Stocker, H

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6990369

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Here, we have assumed the sample variance to have n À 1 as its denominator. If one were to use the sample variance with denominator n, then the only change that would result would be to use nS 2 n =σ 2 which has a chi-square distribution with n À 1 degrees of freedom in the formula derived subsequently. Thus,…”

Section: Scenario 1 {A M B; N}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For any w 2 [0, 1], consider an estimator 2 and I * n ¼ I n =σ 2 be the range and interquartile range, respectively, for the standard normal distribution N(0, 1). Note that…”

Section: Scenario 1 {A M B; N}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Some studies do not report either the mean or the standard deviation and report only the five-figure summary (including the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values). Moreover, even the five-figure summary may not be fully reported; see, for example, Thatcher et al, 2 where only the median and range were reported or Monaco et al 3 where only the median and the quartiles were reported. Rather than discarding the studies that do not report the sample mean and standard deviation directly, one can try to estimate these quantities from the reported summaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approximately unbiased estimators of the inverse variance from sample summary statistics

Rychtář

Taylor

Walter

2023

Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences

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Background In meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results from a set of similar studies. A number of studies, however, often tend to report only the minimum and maximum values, median, and/or the first and third quartiles. Recently, many methods have been discussed for estimating the mean and standard deviation from those sample summaries. However, these methods may provide a substantially biased estimate of the inverse variance that is needed for the meta-analysis. Research Design We use Basu’s theorem to derive unbiased estimators for σ−2 from the most commonly used sample summaries from the normal distribution. While there are no closed formulas for these estimators, we use simulations to obtain simple approximations for the estimators. Results The proposed approximate estimators still show a little to no bias for normally distributed data and generally show smaller bias than the usual methods even for some non-normal distributions. The proposed estimators have lower mean squared error. Conclusions The proposed estimators are recommended for the purpose of obtaining inverse-variance weights, particularly in the context of meta-analyses.

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Section: Scenario 1 {A M B; N}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For any w 2 [0, 1], consider an estimator 2 and I * n ¼ I n =σ 2 be the range and interquartile range, respectively, for the standard normal distribution N(0, 1). Note that…”

Section: Scenario 1 {A M B; N}mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approximately unbiased estimators of the inverse variance from sample summary statistics

Rychtář

Taylor

Walter

2023

Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences

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“…Lower Hb concentrations pose the greatest risk for blood transfusion, and higher concentrations have the lowest risk. 25 Thatcher et al 26 evaluated the risk factor in 44 patients with small-cell lung cancer receiving chemo therapy for six cycles. Patients with a baseline Hb of 11 g/dL had a 79% risk for blood transfusion at some time during chemotherapy compared with 37% of those whose baseline Hb was 13 g/dL, and 8% in subjects with an Hb of 15 g/dL.…”

Section: Patient-related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors and Predictors of Response with Epoetin Alfa for Chemotherapy-Related Anemia

Goram¹

2000

Journal of Pharmacy Technology

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To describe the value of specific factors and predictors that influence the use of epoetin alfa for anemia in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy.Data Sources: Data search restricted to English-language literature on epoetin alfa identified by MEDLINE searches (1990-July 2000) and other pertinent literature was conducted.Data Synthesis: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a common finding among cancer patients. Patients receiving repeated or multiple chemotherapy regimens alone or with radiation therapy may worsen ACD. Blood transfusion is the cornerstone of treatment. Risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusion are clearly established. This includes alteration of the immune system, acute allergic reactions, viral and bacterial infections, tumor reappearance, and reduced quality of life (QOL). As the demand for blood increased and periodic supply shortages occurred, healthcare centers began seeking alternatives to blood transfusion. Recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) is a prophylactic or treatment option that can reduce the need for blood transfusion with an improved QOL. Albeit clinically beneficial, epoetin alfa is expensive. Using predictors during early use with epoetin alfa, clinicians can identify patients most likely and least likely to benefit from further therapy, thus preventing costly outcomes. The change in hemoglobin (>0.5-1.0 g/dL) combined with either endogenous erythropoietin concentration (<100 mU/mL) or absolute reticulocyte count increase (>40,000 cells/pL) two to four weeks after starting therapy provided the most powerful prediction of response to epoetin alfa.Conclusions: Key factors and predictors with epoetin alfa can optimize therapy outcomes in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

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“…Several studies, some of which have only been reported in preliminary form to date, have suggested that epoetin given during concomitant chemotherapy has the ability to prevent anaemia, reduce transfusion requirements and maintain QoL of patients with cancer [10, 25, 26, 27, 28]. …”

Section: Optimising Anaemia Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Treatment Strategies for Anaemia in Cancer: Experience with Epoetin Beta

Aapro

Miguel²

2004

Oncology

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Epoetin represents the standard of care in the management of cancer therapy-related anaemia, increasing haemoglobin levels, reducing transfusion need and improving patient quality of life (QoL). Recent research aimed at improving convenience and ease of use has involved all epoetins. In particular, it has confirmed that epoetin beta 30,000 IU once weekly is equally effective as the conventional 10,000 IU three-times weekly regimen in alleviating cancer-related anaemia. Ongoing research aimed at improving still further the effectiveness of epoetins in anaemia treatment is examining the role of concomitant intravenous iron during epoetin beta therapy. With the recent debate over whether epoetin therapy has an effect on treatment outcome and survival, well-designed trials specifically powered to assess survival are required. The BReast cancer – Anaemia and the Value of Erythropoietin (BRAVE) trial is such a study, assessing the impact of epoetin beta on survival and QoL of patients with metastatic breast cancer scheduled to receive anthracycline- and/or taxane-based chemotherapy. The findings of such studies are expected to lead to a greater understanding of the optimal use of epoetins in cancer-related anaemia.

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Epoetin alpha prevents anaemia and reduces transfusion requirements in patients undergoing primarily platinum-based chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Approximately unbiased estimators of the inverse variance from sample summary statistics

Approximately unbiased estimators of the inverse variance from sample summary statistics

Factors and Predictors of Response with Epoetin Alfa for Chemotherapy-Related Anemia

Evolving Treatment Strategies for Anaemia in Cancer: Experience with Epoetin Beta

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