Epizootiology Of Trvpanosoma Cruzi In Southwestern North America. Part Viii: Nocturnal Flights Of Triatoma Protracta (Uhler) As Indicated By Collections At Black Light Traps (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)1

Sjogren, R. D.; Ryckman, Raymond E.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/3.1.81

Cited by 48 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…The range of the triatomine in the United States covers twenty-six states and Triatoma sanguisuga, T. lecticularia, and T. protracta, with the largest ranges in the country (Usinger, 1944;Lent and Wygodzinsky, 1979), have been reported in and around human habitations (Sjogren and Ryckman, 1966;Lent and Wygodzinsky, 1979;Navin et al, 1985;Herwaldt et al, 2000;Beard et al, 2003). Temperature, rate of defecation, prevalence of vector infectivity, and degree of domesticity play important roles in Chagas disease transmission.…”

Section: Triatomine Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the generally sylvatic nature of the triatomine species in the United States (Kagan et al, 1966;Ryckman, 1984;Herwaldt et al, 2000;Beard et al, 2003), and a lack of a suitable habitat in most homes within the country (Zeledón, 1974), studies throughout the Americas and within the United States report numerous cases of sylvatic species biting humans when an opportunity is present. Triatomines can enter a dwelling through an unscreened open window, which may be exacerbated by an attraction to lights that increases the triatomine's lure to the domestic dwelling (Usinger, 1944;Sjogren and Ryckman, 1966;Wood and Wood, 1967;Lent and Wygodzinsky, 1979;Monroy et al, 2003;VazquezProkopec et al, 2004VazquezProkopec et al, , 2006. Upon entering a home, triatomines often go undetected because they generally feed at night and are nocturnal by nature (Lent and Wygodzinsky, 1979;Schofield, 1979;Navin et al, 1985;Herwaldt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Triatomine Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sjogren and Ryckman (1966) outlined thresholds for increased triatomine activity, which are utilized in this study to delineate the range where the triatomine is most active and therefore creates a higher risk for the emergence of Chagas disease. The minimum threshold for increased triatomine activity is 19°C (67°F) (Sjogren and Ryckman, 1966).…”

Section: Delineating the Range Of Increased Triatomine Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential for emergence of Chagas disease in the United States

et al. 2008

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Abstract. To determine the risk for Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in the United States, the characteristics that make the triatomine vector effective and the areas most at risk for transmission were delineated. In addition, the status of Chagas disease awareness among physicians in areas with a potential risk for the disease was determined. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to analyze three triatomine species within the United States known to harbor Trypanosoma cruzi and that exhibit qualities of domesticity. An analysis of the minimum temperature threshold for increased triatomine activity delineates the current population at increased risk, and by incorporating temperature predictions for 2030, the population at risk under a future climate scenario was also delineated. Considering both environmental and social factors, a vignette-based physician survey, based on the results of the GIS analysis, was used to gauge the level of awareness of Chagas disease within the delineated higher risk range.

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Section: Triatomine Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Triatomine Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Delineating the Range Of Increased Triatomine Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential for emergence of Chagas disease in the United States

et al. 2008

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“…In the Bolivian Chaco, these species were mainly collected from trees holes and bromeliads (Noireau et al 2000) and the adults have a high dispersal potential by flying at night during the hot, dry months (August-November) (Wisnivesky-Colli et al 1993, Noireau et al 1998. Studies on triatomine species have demonstrated that hunger is the main trigger for starting flight (Sjogren & Ryckman 1996, Ekkens 1981, Lehane & Schofield, 1982, McEwen & Lehane 1993 and, therefore, nutritional condition might indicate whether adults will fly or not. (Lehane & Schofield 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vectorial capacity of Triatoma guasayana (Wygodzinsky & Abalos) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) compared with two other species of epidemic importance

Loza-Murguia¹,

Noireau²

2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Triatoma guasayana (Wygodzinsky & Abalos) is a peridomestic triatomine with epidemiological importance in Bolivia, that may play an important role in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas). In this study, two parameters of vectorial capacity were evaluated: the interval of feeding-defecation time and metacyclogenesis, in adult males and females and nymphal instars II to V of T. guasayana with comparisons with Triatoma infestans (Klug) and T. sordida (Stal). The results showed a close relationship between ingestion of blood and beginning of defecation. Values were negative in T. infestans, and T. sordida for instars II, III, IV, and V and also males and females but were positive in female T. sordida. Triatoma guasayana showed only negative values for instar II. Adults and nymphs began defecation as soon as they had finished feeding and required an average of 29.8 min. The analysis of metacyclogenesis showed that T. guasayana was superior to T. infestans and T. sordida. However, the vectorial effectiveness of T. guasayana was significantly affected regarding the percentage of metacyclic trypomastigotes during instars III to V and showed a progressive increase. Females had higher proportions despite their ingestion being half that of T. infestans. The different instars of T. guasayana had a higher parasitic load than those of T. sordida and, although ingestion was 1/3 of that of female T. infestans, there was a progressive increase in metacyclic trypomastigotes in the different nymphal stages of T. guasayana that decreased in adults.

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“…Nowadays, the information in fasted reduviids about biochemical changes in fat body as well as metabolic compounds related to supply of energy is rather scarce. This is an important aspect since the low weight, low weight/ length ratio of the insect (Schofield 1980, Lehane & Schofield 1980, Schofield et al 1992), a poor nutritional status (starvation) (Sjogren & Ryckman 1966) and the need of a previous fasting period (Gringorten & Friend 1979, Ward et al 1982) have been pointed out in different species of reduviid bugs as factors stimulating flight. More recently, we demonstrated in vitro that three species of triatomine bugs have the biochemical constituents for generating partial transformation of high density lipophorin (HDLp) into low density ones (LDLp), employing fat bodies with more than 20 days of starvation (Canavoso & Rubiolo 1994, 1995.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%