Epizootiology of Heterotylenchus Autumnalis (Nematoda) Among Face Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Central Iowa, USA1

Krafsur, E. S.; Church, Cole J.; Elvin, M. K.; Ernst, Crystal M.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/20.3.318

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In published literature, prevalence of nematode parasit- ism in face ßies collected from cattle usually has been lower than parasitism in ßies collected from manure pats. As demonstrated in Krafsur et al (1983), parasitism in face ßies collected from manure pats was 9. 4% in 1978, 7.4% in 1979, and 19.3% in 1980, whereas face ßies collected from cattle and fences had a parasitic nematode prevalence of 2.9%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Musca autumnalis(Diptera: Muscidae) and the Host-Specific NematodeParaiotonchium autumnale(Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae) in Southern California

et al. 2014

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Musca autumnalis DeGeer were collected in the summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 from a beef cattle herd in southern California Visual counts of Musca spp. on cattle faces were documented, and sweep net samples of face flies and other Diptera were also collected from cattle faces. Face flies dominated in the net collections, and 5-30 flies per face were common between early July and October 2011. Adult female M. autumnalis were dissected and examined for the presence of the host-specific nematode Paraiotonchium autumnale (Nickle). Overall, 67 of 887 (7.6%) adult face fly females were parasitized. M. autumnalis' ability to survive in such a southerly latitude (34 degree N) could reflect the rather temperate weather (coastal effects) and frequently irrigated pastures at the experimental site in southern California Preliminary observations suggest that face flies disappear from cattle during winter, despite generally favorable temperatures for fly activity. This is a possible indication of diapause and should be examined further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Musca autumnalis(Diptera: Muscidae) and the Host-Specific NematodeParaiotonchium autumnale(Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae) in Southern California

et al. 2014

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“…3.1%, and this high level suggests a fairly large founding population unless mutation rates were extraordinarily high (Nei et af., 1975). Further support for a large founding population is provided by the simultaneous establishment of the parasitic nematode Heterotylerzchus autumnalis Nickle, the prevalence of which normally varies c. 1-5% (Krafsur et al, 1983). However, examination of gene diversity in one or more large European samples is required to examine further the hypothesis of a bottleneck and loss of alleles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gene flow in North American face fly (Musca autumnalis) populations

1995

Medical Vet Entomology

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Vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to resolve enzymes at ten putative loci in face flies Musca autumnalis De Geer, a colonizing, Palaearctic species established in North America for at least 210 generations. Flies were sampled in 1991 from six locations in Iowa, two in Maryland, two in Minnesota, two in Tennessee, three in New York, and three in Missouri. Nondirectional temporal variation in gene frequencies over a 4-year interval was detected at farms in central Iowa. Heterogeneity in allele frequencies was detected among farms in Iowa, Maryland, New York and Minnesota but not in Tennessee and Missouri. There were no consistent departures from random mating. Partitioning variances in gene frequencies showed that 58% of the variation occurred in populations among states and 43% between populations within states. Mean reproducing immigrants per population per generation was estimated to be eighteen flies. No regional genetic differentiation was detected, and there were no barriers to gene flow within or among diverse populations in the six states. Earlier data bearing on gene flow among and between Nearctic and Palearctic face fly samples were analysed and significant differentiation was not detected.

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“…A net reproductive rate R , for faceflies was estimated to be 27S, where S is the egg-to-adult survival and R , is the expected number of female offspring produced by an average female over hcr lifetime (Krafsur et al, 1983). In faceflies, achieving sterile mating frequencies of at least 70% would result in an R , of c. 0.3 (27s) = 8.1s.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Sit Against Facepiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The facefly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, is a common commensal of pastured cattle in temperate zones of North America and Europe. The flies act as vectors of bovine thelaziasis (Chitwood & Stoffolano, 1971;Krafsur & Church, 1985) and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (Hall, 1984). Insecticidal control of facefly populations has been generally inadequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of dominant lethal mutations for control of the facefly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer

Mansour¹,

Krafsur²

1991

Medical Vet Entomology

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1. Application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) to the facefly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, is considered. 2. Six-day-old pupae were exposed to ionizing irradiation at doses in the range 100-1600 rads, each treatment being replicated six times. 3. Eclosion was unaffected but fecundity and fertility was inversely proportional to the radiation dose. 4. 1600 rads gave 97% dominant lethality of sperm in treated males and suppressed ovarian development in females. Irradiated flies did not recover fertility. 5. Irradiation of males and females did not affect insemination rates. 6. Sterile males showed a decline in longevity and reduced mating competitiveness. 7. Local eradication of M. autumnalis is considered to be feasible if sufficient diapausing sterile flies are stockpiled and released in early spring, followed by additional releases of non-diapausing flies in late spring and early summer, with further releases of diapausing sterile flies in late summer and autumn.

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Epizootiology of Heterotylenchus Autumnalis (Nematoda) Among Face Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Central Iowa, USA1

Abstract: A comparison of methods for assessing age structure and abundance 279-286.

Cited by 14 publications

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Musca autumnalis(Diptera: Muscidae) and the Host-Specific NematodeParaiotonchium autumnale(Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae) in Southern California

Musca autumnalis(Diptera: Muscidae) and the Host-Specific NematodeParaiotonchium autumnale(Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae) in Southern California

Analysis of gene flow in North American face fly (Musca autumnalis) populations

Induction of dominant lethal mutations for control of the facefly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer

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