Epizootic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Epidemiologic Studies along the Northern Colorado front Range

Webb, P. A.; Monath, Thomas P.; Reif, John S.; Smith, Gordon Cs; Kemp, Graham E.; Lazuick, John S.; Walton, T. E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.183

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Immunogenicity of candidate recombinant VSV (rVSV) vectors has been confirmed in preclinical studies with a substantial range of immunogens derived from pathogens including influenza virus, Hepatitis C, and Ebola virus. Furthermore, although human infection with VSV is uncommon and is not associated with serious illness, people infected with the virus do produce antibodies (Abs) [18], [20]–[22]. Currently, highly attenuated VSV encoding HIV Gag is undergoing clinical assessment as a vaccine vector (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01438606) [23], [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, Live-Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Displaying Conformationally Intact, Functional HIV-1 Envelope Trimers That Elicits Potent Cellular and Humoral Responses in Mice

et al. 2014

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Though vaccination with live-attenuated SIV provides the greatest protection from progressive disease caused by SIV challenge in rhesus macaques, attenuated HIV presents safety concerns as a vaccine; therefore, live viral vectors carrying HIV immunogens must be considered. We have designed a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) displaying immunogenic HIV-1 Env trimers and attenuating quantities of the native surface glycoprotein (G). The clade B Env immunogen is an Env-VSV G hybrid (EnvG) in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail regions are derived from G. Relocation of the G gene to the 5′terminus of the genome and insertion of EnvG into the natural G position induced a ∼1 log reduction in surface G, significant growth attenuation compared to wild-type, and incorporation of abundant EnvG. Western blot analysis indicated that ∼75% of incorporated EnvG was a mature proteolytically processed form. Flow cytometry showed that surface EnvG bound various conformationally- and trimer-specific antibodies (Abs), and in-vitro growth assays on CD4+CCR5+ cells demonstrated EnvG functionality. Neither intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) administration in mice induced any observable pathology and all regimens tested generated potent Env-specific ELISA titers of 104–105, with an IM VSV prime/IN VSV boost regimen eliciting the highest binding and neutralizing Ab titers. Significant quantities of Env-specific CD4+ T cells were also detected, which were augmented as much as 70-fold by priming with IM electroporated plasmids encoding EnvG and IL-12. These data suggest that our novel vector can achieve balanced safety and immunogenicity and should be considered as an HIV vaccine platform.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, Live-Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Displaying Conformationally Intact, Functional HIV-1 Envelope Trimers That Elicits Potent Cellular and Humoral Responses in Mice

et al. 2014

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“…With amounts more than 108 per animal per day one would expect far more infection in the field under close contact than was found in 1982 [16,18,25] and so this method of airborne spread can be considered unlikely.…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In cattle inoculation of the tongue with VS virus results in lesions in 1-3 days; on farms or in experimental in-contact infection the disease interval in horses and cattle may vary from 3-15 days [6,13,18]. After the initial infection disease may persist on a farm for up to 66 days [1,13].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence was found of continuing infection in dairy herds, feedlots and on horse ranches for 1-2 months [1,13,18]. There was inapparent infection, shown by the development of antibodies, in domestic and wild ruminants [16,43] If spread is to occur through carriage on the wind of infected insects such as Simulium, a number of factors must coincide: (i) the presence of virus in animals at source, (ii) insects in sufficient numbers at source, (iii) temperature 3 10°C at the beginning and during flight to the height at which the insects are flying and suitable winds meeting cold fronts where the insects land, (iv) …”

Section: Epidemic 8pread and Conclusiormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Sellers

Maarouf

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYOutbreaks of vesicular stomatitis, serotype New Jersey, during epidemics in the United States and northern Mexico, 1982–5, were examined by backward trajectories of winds to investigate spread and possible sources. The outbreaks selected for analysis did not involve introduction of disease by infected animals. The findings indicate that wind could have been responsible for carrying infection from northern Mexico to Arizona and New Mexico and thence to Colorado and Utah and on to Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. The results of these analyses are consistent with the findings from T1 RNAse fingerprinting of virus isolates from outbreaks during the epidemics. The arrival of the trajectories was associated with the passage of a front and rain or passage of a front alone or rain alone. At the time of the trajectories temperatures of 10 °C and higher were recorded at heights up to 2500–3500 m.Introduction by airborne particles would appear unlikely as it would have required a source of at least 105infectious units per minute per animal. Vesicular stomatitis virus had been isolated fromSimuliumandCulicoidesduring the epidemic with amounts of virus fromSimuliumsufficient to suggest biological transmission. The possibility ofSimuliuminfected with vesicular stomatitis virus being carried downwind to introduce disease is discussed in relation to the behaviour ofSimuliumand the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis in large animals.

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“…Clinical VS has been seen in cattle, swine, llamas, and horses in the United States. However, serological evidence of virus exposure has been observed in many more species 1,2. Reviews of the biological, pathological, and epidemiological aspects of this disease have been published 3,4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Sentinel Herds to Study the Epidemiology of Vesicular Stomatitis in the State of Colorado

McCluskey

Mumford

Salman

et al. 2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Approximately 20 sentinel premises in Colorado were visited quarterly during a 3-year prospective study to investigate the persistence of VS viruses in horses. A survey to assess management practices, health events, animal movements and environmental data was completed at each visit. Collection of serum samples and oral swabs along with a clinical examination of sentinel horses were performed at each visit. Serum samples were tested by 2 or more of 4 available serological tests. The data collected for two years (August 1998 to August 2000) are reported here. During this period there was seroconversion in 1 and 8 horses based on capture IgM tests for seroytpes New Jersey and Indiana, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for those premises with horses that seroconverted and the mean survival time was 4.17 quarters (range 1.85-7.0). The occurrence of seroconversions during periods when no clinical disease was observed suggests the persistence of vesicular stomatitis viruses in the environment of the sentinel premises.

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Epizootic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Epidemiologic Studies along the Northern Colorado front Range

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

A Novel, Live-Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Displaying Conformationally Intact, Functional HIV-1 Envelope Trimers That Elicits Potent Cellular and Humoral Responses in Mice

A Novel, Live-Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Displaying Conformationally Intact, Functional HIV-1 Envelope Trimers That Elicits Potent Cellular and Humoral Responses in Mice

Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Use of Sentinel Herds to Study the Epidemiology of Vesicular Stomatitis in the State of Colorado

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