Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Cattle, Western Turkey

Temizel, Ethem Mutlu; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Batten, Carrie; Şentürk, Sezgin; Maan, Narender S.; Mertens, Peter P. C.; Batmaz, Hasan

doi:10.3201/eid1502.080572

Cited by 85 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…However, since 2003, EHDV-6 and EHDV-7 outbreaks in cattle in various parts of the world have renewed interest in the role of EHDVs as potential pathogens of cattle. For example, clinical disease in cattle associated with EHDV-6 was reported from the French island of Ré union in 2003and 2009(Bré ard et al, 2004, in Morocco in 2004(Benazzou, 2006, in Algeria in 2006 (Bouguedour, 2006;Madani et al, 2011), and in Turkey in 2007 (Temizel et al, 2009). However, morbidity and mortality in these cattle outbreaks were generally low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Ruder

Allison

Stallknecht

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:During the fall of 2006, in Israel, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 7 caused an intense and widespread epizootic in domestic cattle that resulted in significant economic losses for the dairy industry. The susceptibility of potential North American vector and ruminant hosts to infection with EHDV-7 is not known but is essential to understanding the potential for establishment of this exotic orbivirus in North America if it were introduced. Our primary objective was to determine whether white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are susceptible to infection with EHDV-7. Six, 8-mo-old WTD were experimentally infected with EHDV-7, and all became infected and exhibited varying degrees of clinical disease. Clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and postmortem findings were consistent with previous reports of orbiviral hemorrhagic disease (HD) in this species. Four of six animals died or were euthanized because of the severity of disease, one on postinoculation day (PID) 5 and the remaining WTD on PID 7. All deer had detectable viremia on PID 3, which peaked on PID 5 or 6 and persisted for as long as PID 46 in one animal. Deer surviving the acute phase of the disease seroconverted by PID 10. Based on the 67% mortality rate we observed, this strain of EHDV-7 is virulent in WTD, reaffirming their role as a sentinel species for the detection of endemic and nonendemic EHDV. Further, the observed disease was indistinguishable from previous reports of disease caused by North American EHDV and bluetongue virus serotypes, highlighting the importance of serotypespecific diagnostics during suspected HD outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Ruder

Allison

Stallknecht

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Although most natural and experimental EHDV infections in cattle are subclinical or asymptomatic, the virus has recently been incriminated as a cause of outbreaks of stomatitis and systemic disease in cattle infected with EHDV-2 and 6 on Reunion Island and in western Turkey and North Africa, and in cattle infected with EHDV-7 in Israel and Jordan (40,49,55,63,64). Similar syndromes have also been described among EHDV-infected cattle in both North America and South Africa (8,39,61,62).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable exception to the usually asymptomatic EHDV infection in cattle has been Ibaraki virus (EHDV serotype 2 [EHDV-2]), which caused an extensive outbreak of disease in Japanese cattle in 1959 and continues to sporadically cause disease outbreaks among cattle in the Far East (56,57,58,59,60). More recently, strains of EHDV-2, 6 and 7 have been the apparent cause of a bluetongue-like disease syndrome of cattle in northern and southern Africa, North America, Reunion Island, and the Mediterranean Basin, including Algeria, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia and western Turkey (4,6,8,39,40,49,55,61,62,63,64).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease

Maclachlan¹,

Zientara²,

Savini³

et al. 2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryEpizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease of certain wild ungulates, notably North American white-tailed deer and, more rarely, cattle. The disease in white-tailed deer results from vascular injury analogous to that caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), to which EHD virus (EHDV) is closely related. There are seven serotypes of EHDV recognised, and Ibaraki virus, which is the cause of sporadic disease outbreaks in cattle in Asia, is included in EHDV serotype 2. The global distribution and epidemiology of BTV and EHDV infections are also similar, as both viruses occur throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world where they are transmitted by biting Culicoides midges and infect a wide variety of domestic and wild ungulates. However, the global distribution and epidemiology of EHDV infection are less well characterised than they are for BTV. Whereas most natural and experimental EHDV infections (other than Ibaraki virus infection) of livestock are subclinical or asymptomatic, outbreaks of EHD have recently been reported among cattle in the Mediterranean Basin, Reunion Island, South Africa, and the United States. Accurate and convenient laboratory tests are increasingly available for the sensitive and specific serological and virological diagnosis of EHDV infection and confirmation of EHD in animals, but commercial vaccines are available only for prevention of Ibaraki disease and not for protection against other strains and serotypes of EHDV.

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“…The main source of the virus is the blood of viraemic animals. The clinical signs of EHD in cattle are fever, anorexia, dysphagia, prostration, nasal discharge, ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the oral mucosa, hyperaemia and oedema of the conjunctival mucosae, muzzle, hyperaemia of the teats and udder, haemorrhage, dehydration and lameness [33,35]. Abortions [38] and stillbirths have also been reported in some epidemics [39].…”

Section: • Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (Ehd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus is a member of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, and is closely related to bluetongue virus [32][33][34]. The virus is transmitted between susceptible ruminants in temperate regions by biological vectors from the genus Culicoides spp.…”

Section: • Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (Ehd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 1: Origin, Transmission and Differential Diagnosis

Esteves¹,

Mesquita²,

Nóbrega³

et al. 2016

Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases - Attributes of Lifestyle and Nature on Humankind

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel Orthobunyavirus causing mild clinical signs in cows and malformations in aborted and neonatal ruminants in Europe. SBV belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and is transmitted by biting midges. This new virus was identified for the first time in the blood samples of cows in the city of Schmallenberg in NorthRhine-Westphalia in November 2011. Since then the virus spread to several European countries. Here we describe the origin and emergence, as well as the transmission and the differential diagnosis of this virus, now known to be a serious threat to Veterinary Public Health.

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Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Cattle, Western Turkey

Cited by 85 publications

References 10 publications

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 1: Origin, Transmission and Differential Diagnosis

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