Epizoochorous dispersal of bryophyte stem fragments by roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) and wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>)

Heinken, Thilo; Lees, Rosemary Susan; Raudnitschka, Dorit; Runge, Stephan

doi:10.1179/jbr.2001.23.4.293

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(Barrett 1996;Cheptou 2012) and fern (De Groot et al 2012) populations with extremely weak densities following LDD might, however, not be the only underlying process in bryophytes. Living bryophyte diaspores can be found in (see Boch et al 2013 for review) or on (Lewis-Smith 1999; Heinken et al 2001) animals by chance, but the significance of zoochorous dispersal of specialized vegetative diaspores in explaining patterns of genetic variation has been questioned (Korpelainen et al 2011). Therefore, wind has long been identified as the main vector for LDD in bryophytes (Muñoz et al 2004;Sundberg 2013).…”

Section: O E S B a K E R ' S L A W A P P L Y T O B R Y O P H Y T E S ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

et al. 2013

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Summary1. The evolution of island syndromes has long served as a model to understand the mechanisms accounting for phenotypic differentiation. Combining literature data with actual observations, we determine whether typical syndromes such as the loss of dispersal power and the bias towards selfcompatibility (Baker's law) apply to vagile organisms, using bryophytes as a model. 2. The life-history traits (LHTs) observed in oceanic island floras were statistically different from those observed on continents, evidencing the evolution of island syndromes. In contrast, LHTs of continental and continental island floras were similar, pointing to differences in migration intensity between continents, continental islands and oceanic islands. 3. The proportion of bisexual species was significantly higher on oceanic islands than on continents. A significant proportion of species that are unisexual or bisexual on continents shifted towards exclusive bisexuality on oceanic islands, suggesting that Baker's law applies to bryophytes. The underlying mechanisms, however, probably differ from in situ selection for selfing. 4. The proportion of species producing specialized asexual diaspores, which are assumed to play a role in short-distance dispersal (SDD), was higher on oceanic islands than on continents. The proportion of species producing spores, which are involved in long-distance dispersal (LDD), exhibited the reverse trend, suggesting a shift in the prevalent reproductive strategy to favour SDD on oceanic islands. Approximately 50% of the species, however, maintained the ability to produce sporophytes on oceanic islands, and the relative frequency of fertile shoots within collections of four model species was even higher on islands than on continents. 5. Synthesis. Bryophytes exhibit typical island syndromes, indicating that migration rates between oceanic islands and continents are not sufficient to prevent the effects of genetic drift and contradicting the view that the sea does not impede migration in the group. Significant shifts in life-history traits (LHTs) towards increased production of specialized asexual diaspores and decreased sporophyte production on oceanic islands indeed point to a global loss of long-distance dispersal (LDD) ability. The maintenance of traits characteristic for LDD in a large number of species has, however, substantial consequences for our understanding of island plant evolution, and in particular, for our vision of islands as evolutionary dead ends.

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Section: O E S B a K E R ' S L A W A P P L Y T O B R Y O P H Y T E S ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

et al. 2013

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“…Generally, vegetative diaspores can be dispersed over small to medium distances (but see above for clonal diaspores) through running water (hydrochory), wind (anemochory), and animal activities (epizoochory, dysochory) (compare, e.g., Heinken et al 2001;Heinken and Zippel 2004). Such dispersal events of vegetative R. rugosum diaspores are demonstrated in the studied plots: HB1_43_1 is the sole sample from HB1 assigned to HB_clone3 otherwise only detected in HB2, thus indicating successful dispersal and establishment (genet extension ≥25 m).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative reproduction and clonal diversity in Rhytidium rugosum (Rhytidiaceae, Bryopsida) inferred by morpho-anatomical and molecular analyses

et al. 2006

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Many bryophytes exhibit specific life forms that result in the formation of distinct patches. This is primarily achieved by "consequent vegetative multiplication" through indeterminate growth and vegetative reproduction. Little, however, is known about the underlying mechanisms and genetic patterns. In this study on vegetative multiplication in bryophytes, we apply morpho-anatomical and molecular (AFLP fingerprinting) techniques to analyze the vegetative reproduction system, clonal diversity, and habitat colonization of a pleurocarpous moss, Rhytidium rugosum (Rhytidiaceae). Morpho-anatomically, three types of vegetative diaspores are identified and illustrated: ramets, separated after decay and disintegration of older shoot parts (clonal reproduction); brood branches/branchlets; and caducous shoot apices (both vegetative reproduction s.str.). The AFLP fingerprinting of 35 samples (from two plots in Thuringia, further German populations, and from France, Russia, and Canada) resulted in the identification of three clones from the two plots, each comprising two to 15 samples with identical fingerprints. Samples from one clone occurred in both plots, thus proving dispersal of vegetative diaspores. The AFLP analysis further revealed close relationships of the plot samples, which suggest a clonal rather than generative (sexual) origin of the population.

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“…Dispersal occurs through fragmentation of moss cushions and desiccated stems during the summer months. These fragments are both dispersed by wind and carried by animals such as sheep or goats (Heinken et al 2001). These propagules easily regenerate after rehydration, and a secondary protonemal apparatus originates exclusively from cells of the lamina next to the midrib, while new buds develop both directly from these cells and from protonemata (Giordano et al 1996).…”

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clonal diversity and geographic structure in Pleurochaete squarrosa (Pottiaceae): different sampling scale approach

2009

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This paper describes our investigation of genetic variation and clonal structure of the Mediterranean moss Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. (Pottiaceae), using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers and trnL(UAA) (intron of plastid gene for Leu tRNA) sequence, choosing different sampling strategies and scales on 16 European populations. Moreover, the intercontinental distribution of two trnL haplotypes, previously found over a large area and including 24 populations in three continents, was also investigated. Despite the prevalent asexual reproduction, P. squarrosa shows a high level of genetic diversity. Some site features seem to affect the clonal structure at the local scale, influencing the relocation of detached fragments and the level of intermingling, but they do not substantially affect genetic diversity. The peculiar vegetative reproduction coupled with somatic mutation could partly account for the genetic variation detected. Genetic distances highlight geographic isolation and limited gene flow among populations. We found only two trnL haplotypes in Europe due to length polymorphism, but, over an intercontinental scale, only non-delete trnL was found in Africa and the USA. ISSR analysis within each population detected a higher genetic distance between the samples with different trnL haplotypes, suggesting the presence of two different genetic lineages within this species, geographically overlapping in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Epizoochorous dispersal of bryophyte stem fragments by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

Vegetative reproduction and clonal diversity in Rhytidium rugosum (Rhytidiaceae, Bryopsida) inferred by morpho-anatomical and molecular analyses

Clonal diversity and geographic structure in Pleurochaete squarrosa (Pottiaceae): different sampling scale approach

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