Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lung

Abstract

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease and only 25 cases have been reported so far. It was first proposed by Mazur and Kurman in 1994 as an unusual type of trophoblastic tumor that is distinct from placental site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma and has features resembling carcinoma. A case of ETT of the lung in a 38-year-old Japanese woman is reported. The patient had suffered from a hydatidiform mole at the age of 27 years, and had four normal deliveries at the ages of 24, 31, 35 and 37 years. Because no tumor lesions were detected in the uterus, the patient was suspected of having metastatic choriocarcinoma with multiple lesions in the lung accompanied by an elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In order to make an exact diagnosis, a partial resection of metastatic foci in the lung was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed hemorrhagic necrotic foci and was composed of mainly mononuclear tumor cells and some giant tumor cells resembling trophoblastic cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed that a few large cells were stained positively for hCG, and that other cells were positive for human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein, cytokeratin 7 and inhibin-alpha. In the ultrastructure, the tumor cells contained large nuclei and rich organella with desmosomes and well-formed filaments. The diagnosis of ETT was confirmed from the findings as described above.

Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor: Report of Two Cases in Postmenopausal Women with Literature Review and Emphasis on Cytological Findings

“…Surgery is the primary treatment modality for stage I PSTT and ETT; due to their chemoresistance and adequate outcome in cases treated with surgery alone and because of the rarity of ETT, data regarding the best chemotherapeutic regimen to treat advanced stage is limited [32]. Studies that documented an initial treatment with chemotherapy with poor or a lack of response justify the difference in initial treatment with surgical intervention [28]. …”

“…The intermediate trophoblasts contain abundant cytoplasmic organelles, intermediate-type filaments and desmosomes [28]. …”

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor and its diagnostic dilemmas: A rare case report

“…Another could have been the failure to manage her surgically with a hysterectomy, hepatic lobectomy and debulking. ETT appears to not be as chemosensitive as other GTDs, making surgical resection the preferred treatment modality (Urabe et al, 2007).…”

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report of a rare trophoblastic neoplasm

“…4 Uterus is the most common site of presentation (40%) whereas most common extra uterine site is lung (19%). 7,8 Mean age of presentation of ETT is around 36 years (16-48 years) with very rare post-menopausal presentation. ETT mostly follows a gestational event including full term deliveries (67%), spontaneous abortions (16%) and hydatiform moles (16%) 1 and the interval between the previous gestation and reporting of tumor is around 1 to 18 years 9,10 which was consistent in our case i.e.…”